health status indicators + extra Flashcards
incidence and prevalence
INCIDENCE:
-the number of new cases of a disease/condition in a population during a given period
PREVALENCE:
-refers to the total number of cases of a condition at a given time.
morbidity and mortality
MORBIDITY:
ill health in an individual or the levels of ill health in a population or group
MORTALITY:
refers to death, particularly at a population level
rates of hospitalisation
- provides an indication of levels of ill health that require medical treatment.
-Hospitalisation can occur as the result of requiring care for chronic conditions, where the patient is admitted to receive treatment, and emergency care that involves unforeseen events that end up requiring medical care, such as car crashes and sporting accidents.
burden of disease
- a concept that combines mortality data with morbidity data so that conditions that contribute differently to death and illness can be compared.
-Burden of disease is measured in disability adjusted life years, where 1 DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.
life expectancy
-the number of years a person can expect to live, on average if death rates don’t change
core activity limitation
-Core activity limitations can occur as the result of injury, developmental problems and chronic illness.
If an individual has difficulty in any of the three core activities, they may have a core activity limitation:
- self care
- mobility
- communication in own language
psychological distress
-relates to unpleasant feelings and emotions that have an impact on an individual’s level of functioning.
self-assessed health status
is based on an individual’s own perception of their health and wellbeing.
sociocultural factors that contribute to variations in health behaviours and status
-housing
-education
-family
-peer group
-employment
-income
-access to health information
-access to support services
tactics used in food marketing
IMMERSIVE MARKETING: aim is to create an emotional relationship between the consumer and a particular brand. (providing rewards)
INFILTRATION OF SOCIAL MEDIA: Marketers are constantly advertising new food and drink promotions via Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, Twitter and other popular digital platforms
CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENTS:
-celebrity endorsements and product placement in television shows to develop a relationship between the consumer and the products they are trying to sell.
-According to research, the use of celebrity endorsements in marketing can not only enhance brand recognition, but also the desirability of the product, leading to a positive association.
PRODUCT PLACEMENT:
Product placement is an advertising technique used by food and drink companies to subtly promote their products through appearances in television, film or other media. It is often seen as a beneficial way to promote a product without interrupting the viewer, the way traditional advertising does.
SOCIAL INFLUENCERS/ BLOGGERS
promoting food trends to youth
CLEAN EATING TREND:
-usually associated with considerable physical health and wellbeing benefits to young people
-pressure to consuming wholesome foods can lead to increased anxiety and stress in young people (negative mental h&w).
-Feelings of guilt for consuming so-called ‘bad’ foods (negative emotional h&w)
FOOD DELIVERY SERVICES:
-may have negative implications on not only physical health and wellbeing, due to an increase in the consumption of energy dense foods, but also mental h&w
-diminishes the opportunities for social interactions and may impact on relationships in a negative manner. (not eating at a dinner table)
MEAL KITS (hello fresh)
-reducing the risk of overweight and obesity and therefore improving physical health and wellbeing.
enablers and barriers to healthy eating among youth
SOCIAL FACTORS:
-family, friends, SES, social media and advertising
CULTURAL FACTORS:
-religion, gender, ethnicity
POLITICAL FACTORS:
-health promotion
-food labelling
-food policies/laws
enablers and barriers to healthy eating among youth
SOCIAL FACTORS
FAMILY: family can act as an enabler when they encourage the consumption of fruit and vegetables; however, they can also act as a barrier if they are more likely to choose energy-dense processed foods.
FRIENDS:
if your friends are conscious of eating healthy food then you are likely to aswel (enabler); pressure other teens to skip meals or cut entire food groups out of their diet, thus acting as a barrier to healthy eating. This may lead to distorted eating patterns among young people.
SES:
-income and the costs of foods cand act as enablers and barriers
-access to education on health literacy are associated with good health behaviours (enabler)
-Occupations with flexible working hours may act as enablers to healthy eating
SOCIAL MEDIA AND ADVERTISING:
enablers and barriers to healthy eating among youth
CULTURAL FACTORS
RELIGION:
Religion can play an influential role in the food choices of young people and their families.
ETHNICITY:
Different ethnic groups select different foods, traditional to the environment in which they have been brought up.
GENDER:
-males consume fewer fruit and vegetables than females.
-Females, on the other hand, are regarded as having a greater understanding of the importance of healthy eating behaviours
aspects of youth health and wellbeing requiring action
-stress and mental health
-injury
-alcohol use
-discrimination
-illicit use of drugs
-smoking
-weight issues
-sexual health
