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OB Test 1 > Unit 2 Obj > Flashcards

Unit 2 Obj Flashcards

1
Q

3 Phases of Pregnancy

A
  1. Antepartum
  2. Intrapartum
  3. Postpartum
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2
Q

Puberty

A

is the period of rapid change in the lives of boys and girls during the reproductive systems mature and become capable of reproduction

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3
Q

Outward changes in Male during Puberty

A 
Penis and testes increase in size
grows taller, more muscular
pubic and facial hair growth
deeper voice
testosterone levels become constant
Nocturnal emissions (wet dreams)
     - it does not contain sperm
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4
Q

External Genitalia for men

A

Penis
scrotum
testes

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5
Q

Functions of the Penis

A

Provides a duct to expel urine from the bladder

deposits sperm to fertilize the ovum

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6
Q

Functions of the Scrotum

A

Sac that contains the testes
suspended from the perineum
- keeps the testes away from body
- lowers temperature- necessary for norm sperm prod

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7
Q

Internal Genitalia

A

Testes (Testicles)
Ducts (Epididymis)
Vas Deferens
Urethra

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8
Q

Accessory Glands in males

A

Seminal Vesicles
Prostate Glands
Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper’s glands)

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9
Q

External Genitalia in Females

A 
Mons Pubis
Labia Majora
Labia Minora
Fourchette
Clitoris
Vaginal Vestibule
Perineum
Urethra
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10
Q

Internal Genitalia

A 
Vagina
Uterus
Cervix
Fallopian Tube
Ovaries
Pelvis
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11
Q

Functions of the Vagina

A

Provides passageway for sperm to enter the uterus
Reservoir for sperm deposited during sex
acts as a passageway for childbirth
Allows for drainage of menstrual flow and other secretions

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12
Q

Pelvic floor muscles

A

stabilize and support the internal and external organs

levator ani muscle supports the vagina, urethra and rectum

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13
Q

3 parts of the uterus

A

Fondus
Corpus
Cervix

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14
Q

Layers of the uterus

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

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15
Q

Fucntions of the mucosal lining of the cervix

A
  • lubricates the vagina
  • acts as a bacteriostatic agent
  • provides an alkaline environment to shelter deposited sperm from the acidic pH of the vagina
  • produces mucous plug in the cervical canal during preg.
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16
Q

4 sections of the Fallopian tubes

A
  • Interstitial Portion (pt that lies in uterus)
  • Isthmus (narrow area near the uterus)
  • Ampulla (wider area, site of fertilization)
  • Infundibulum (Funnel, distal end)
17
Q

Functions of the Fallopian Tube

A
  • passage way where sperm meets ovum
  • site of fertilization (1/3 of the tube)
  • safe nourishing environment for zygote
  • means of transporting the zygote to the corpus of uterus
18
Q

Function of Ovaries

A
  • Steroid hormone prod: Estrogen, Progesterone
  • Ovulation (stimulation of an ovum maturation)
  • At birth, female has all the ova that will be available to her during her lifetime
19
Q

Important Pelvic Landmarks

A
  • Ilium
  • Sacrum
  • Coccyx
  • Symphysis Pubis
  • Ischial spines
20
Q

Functions of the Pelvis

A
  • Protective cradle for pelvic structures
  • Accommodates the growing fetus and forms birth passageway
  • Serves as an anchor for the attachment of the supportive muscles, fascia, and ligaments and distributes body weight
21
Q

Pelvic Shapes

A
  • Gynecoid
  • Android
  • Anthropoid
  • Platypelloid
22
Q

Gynecoid (Pelvic Shape)

A
  • Classic female pelvis (approx 50% of women)
  • Rounded anterior and posterior segments
  • Most favorable for vaginal birth
23
Q

Android (Pelvic Shape)

A
  • Wedged shaped inlet (approx. 25% of women)
  • Narrow anterior segment
  • Oval in shape
  • Typical of male anatomy
24
Q

Anthropoid (Pelvic Shape)

A
  • Anterior/Posterior diameter equals or exceeds its transverse diameter
  • A long narrow oval shape (24% of women)
  • Vaginal birth possible but likely in occipital position
25
Q

Platypelloid (Pelvic Shape)

A
  • Shortened anterior/posterior diameter (3% of women)
  • Flat, transverse oval shape
  • Unfavorable for vaginal birth
26
Q

3 cycles of Menstration

A
  • Hypothalamus-Pituitary Cycle
  • Ovarian Cycle
  • Endometrial Cycle
27
Q

Conception

A

The union of the egg and sperm- beginning of pregnancy

28
Q

Basic Genetics

A
  • An egg contains 23 chromosomes (XX)
  • A sperm contains 23 chromosomes (XY)
  • Implantation/Nidation: occurs 7-10 days after fertilization
29
Q

Fertilization

A
  • takes place in the ampulla of the fallopian tube
  • when sperm enters ovum the cell formed is called a zygote
  • during transport through the fallopian tubes, the zygote does not increase in size, but undergoes a mitotic division (Cleavage)
  • Starts with 2 cell division>4>8
  • Once the zygote reaches a 16 cell division = Morula
  • the morula enters the uterus on the 3rd day and floats for 2-4 days before implanting in the fundal section of the anterior or posterior uterine wall.
30
Q

Chorion

A
  • develops from Trophoblast
  • envelops amnion, embryo and yolk sac
  • thick membrane has projections called VILLI
  • villi extend into decidua basalis (endometrial layer once fertilized)
  • form the embryonic/fetal portion of placenta
31
Q

Amnion

A
  • second inner membrane
  • developed from the Blastocyst
  • covers the umbilical cord and covers the chorion on the fetal side
  • thin structure that envelops and protects embryo
  • together, the chorion and amnion form an amniotic sac filled which eventually fills with fluid
32
Q

Yolk Sac

A
  • a cavity develops on the 9th day after fertilization
  • functions only during embryonic life
  • initiates production of RBC
  • continues until fetal liver takes over about 6 wks
  • umbilical cord encompasses yolk sac which then degenerates
33
Q

Germ Layers

A

after implantation the zygote in the blastocyst stage transform its embryonic disc into 3 primary germ layers known as:

  • Ectoderm
  • Mesoderm
  • Endoderm
34
Q

Lanugo

A

Baby’s first hair

35
Q

Vernix

A

Cheese like covering to protect skin in A. fluid

36
Q

Placenta

A

It’s a temporary organ fo fetal respiration, nutrition, and excretion

37
Q

Zygote

A

when the sperm enters the ovum the cell formed is called the zygote (the returning of the total number of 46 chromosomes)

38
Q

Zygote stage

A

grows and develops until it passes through the Fallopian tubes and implants into the wall of the uterus (up until week two)

OB Test 1 (6 decks)

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