Darian Section

Question 1

Preterm labor

Answer 1

Preterm labor is defined as regular contractions of the uterus resulting in changes in the cervix that start before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Changes in the cervix include effacement (the cervix thins out) and dilation (the cervix opens so that the fetus can enter the birth canal).

Question 2

Zygote

Answer 2

when the sperm enters the ovum the cell formed is called the zygote (the returning of the total number of 46 chromosomes)

Question 3

Zygote stage

Answer 3

grows and develops until it passes through the Fallopian tubes and implants into the wall of the uterus (up until week two)

Question 4

Full term labor

Answer 4

A pregnancy is “full term” only in the narrower two-week window that starts at 39 weeks.

Question 5

Infant mortality rate

Answer 5

number of infant deaths under 1 year of age per 1000 live births

Question 6

Episiotomy

Answer 6

a surgical cut made at the opening of the vagina during childbirth, to aid a difficult delivery and prevent rupture of tissues.

Question 7

Primapara

Answer 7

a woman who has delivered 1 pregnancy beyond 20 weeks gestation.

Question 8

Multipara

Answer 8

a woman who has delivered more than one pregnancy 20 weeks gestation regardless of outcome.

Question 9

Fundus

Answer 9

the upper dome shaped part of the uterus. The Fallopian tubes enter the uterus in each side of the fundus.

Question 10

Fundal height

Answer 10

Fundal height, or McDonald’s rule, is a measure of the size of the uterus used to assess fetal growth and development during pregnancy. It is measured from the top of the mother’s uterus to the top of the mother’s pubic bone in centimeters. Decrease in fundal height may indicate intrauterine growth restriction

Question 11

Nidation

Answer 11

implantation of an embryo in the lining of the uterus.

Perimetrium

Question 12

Perimetrium

Answer 12

outermost serous layer that envelopes the uterus

Question 13

Myometrium

Answer 13

middle muscular layer- leads to the opening of the cervix

Question 14

Endometrium

Answer 14

inner mucosal layer that functions during menstruation and implantation of the fertilized ovum.

Question 15

Glucose tolerance test

Answer 15

usually done at 24-28 weeks to rule out gestational diabetes. Results over 135mg/dl require medical follow-up.

Question 16

Current causes of maternal mortality

Answer 16

toxemia, ectopic pregnancy and hemorrhage

Question 17

Reason for decline in maternal mortality

Answer 17

penicillin and other antibiotics, hand washing, blood typing, blood products, in utero surgeries, genetic screenings, neonatal intensive care units, and prenatal care.

Question 18

Embryo

Answer 18

an unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development.

Question 19

Embryonic stage

Answer 19

from the second to the 8th week of gestation.
Up to 12 weeks, embryo highly susceptible to environmental agents/ teratogens (viruses, drugs, radiation, infections, alcohol and smoking.
By the end of the 8th weeks, all organ systems and external structures are present.