Unit 2: Nomenclature

Question 1

Compounds

bonding is based on ____?

What is Electronegativity?

Answer 1

Bonding based on electronegativity

Electronegativity – tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself in a chemical bond

Question 2

Basic Compounds:

Answer 2

Ionic compound – a substance held together by electrostatic interactions from ions (charge pairing)

Covalent compound (molecular) – a substance held together by covalent bonds (shared electron pairs)

Question 3

Question 4

Ionic Nomenclature: based on type and # of elements

2 elements =

3 elements =

Ion types

Monatomic are ?

Polyatomic are ?

Answer 4

2 elements = binary system

3 elements = ternary system

Ion Types

Monatomic - single atom ions

Polyatomic - multiple atom ions

Question 5

Monatomic Cations

Type 1

Type 2

Answer 5

• Type 1:
  
  • Invariable charge (charge is always the same)
  • Mostly group IA/IIA elements
    
    • ex: Na⁺ Ca⁺ Mg⁺ and also Zn⁺
• Type 2:
  
  • Variable Charge
  • Mostly Transition elements
    
    • ex: Fe^3+/2+ Cu^2+/+

Question 6

Binary Ionic Nomenclature

• Type 1*
• Type 2*

Answer 6

• Type I: metal name** 1st, **anion root-ide 2nd
  
  • Ex: NaCl – sodium chloride
• Type II: metal name, (charge), anion root-ide
  
  • Ex: FeCl3 – iron (III) chloride

Question 7

Common Anion Roots

Answer 7

Ox

Sulf

Selen

Phosph

Nitr

Fluor

Chlor

Brom

Iod

Question 8

Ternary Ionic Nomenclature

Answer 8

• Same as binary, but polyatomic name substitutes anion/cation
• Common ions on tables 2.4 and 2.5

Ex: Fe(ClO3)2 – iron (II) chlorate

FeCO₃ - Iron (II) Carbonate

NH₄NO₃ - Ammonium Nitrate

Question 9

What are Oxyanions?

Answer 9

• Polyatomics with high Oxygen content
• Classified as families based on parent ion
• Molecules with overall charge

Question 10

Oxyanions

Common polyatomic families

Answer 10

Carbonate – CO₃^2-

Nitrate – NO₃^-

Phosphate – PO₄^3-

Sulfate – SO₄^2-

Chlorate – ClO₃^-

Question 11

Oxyanions

Family names, parent, roots, parent name

Answer 11

• Family names based on parent ion
• Parent is highest (in 3) or second highest O.S.
• Roots based off of non-oxygen element
• Parent name is element’s root-ate
• Ex: chlorate ClO₃^-

Question 12

Oxyanions

Families follow pattern:

Answer 12

Example for Chlorate ClO₃^-

Families follow pattern:

• Add 1 O – per-root-ate ex: perchlorate ClO₄^-
• Lose 1 O – root-ite ex: chlorite ClO₂^-
• Lose 2 O – hypo-root-ite ex: hypochlorite ClO^-
• Same net charge throughout family

Question 13

Binary Covalent Nomenclature

Answer 13

• more metallic name 1st, less metallic root-ide 2nd
• Use prefix for # of atoms

¨Ex: As2O5 – diarsenic pentoxide

Question 14

Binary acid Nomenclature

Answer 14

• Named hydro-root of element – ic acid

¨Ex: HCl – hydrochloric acid

Question 15

Ternary acid Nomenclature

Answer 15

• Use oxyanions:
• ate → -ic acid
• ite → -ous acid

Ex: HClO – hypochlorous acid

Question 16

Question 17