Unit 2: Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

3 Environments for Locomotion

Answer 1

Water (all around, pushing it), Ground (legs), Air (surrounding)

Question 2

Hydrostatic

Answer 2

bag of fluid

Question 3

Endoskeleton

Answer 3

internal skeleton, easier to grow, move quicker, less bulky, not as protective

Question 4

Exoskeleton

Answer 4

external skeleton, more protection, made of chitin, sheds exoskeleton to grow

Question 5

Osteocyte

Answer 5

long-lived, deposit calcium phosphate & calcium carbonate

Question 6

Haversian Canal

Answer 6

hole that veins & arteries travel through

Question 7

Osteocyte Structure

Answer 7

Osteocytes are connected by Canaliculi around Haversian Canal to get nutrients and get rid of waste

Question 8

Canaliculi

Answer 8

tunnels that connect osteocytes and to the Haversian canal. allow things to diffuse to and away from cells

Question 9

Chondrocytes

Answer 9

Cartilage Cell. produce ECM that surrounds chondrocytes, collagen gives elastic, low blood flow, has RER

Question 10

Cartilage

Answer 10

high water content, covers bone surface

Question 11

Periosteum

Answer 11

membrane covering the bone

Question 12

Compact Bone

Answer 12

High Density, heavy

Question 13

Spongy Bone

Answer 13

gives bone structure, lightweight, has holes,

Question 14

Yellow Marrow

Answer 14

Stores fat

Question 15

Red Marrow

Answer 15

Makes red blood cells

Question 16

Synovial Fluid

Answer 16

lubricant inside joint cavity

Question 17

Articular Capsule

Answer 17

Membrane that surrounds the joint

Question 18

Articular Cartilege

Answer 18

is smooth

Question 19

Ligaments

Answer 19

connect bone to bone

Question 20

Tendants

Answer 20

connect muscle to bone

Question 21

Ball and Socket Joint

Answer 21

Pelvis –> Femur

Question 22

Hinge Joint

Answer 22

Humerus –> Ulna (elbow)
Femur–> Tibia (knee)

Question 23

Condyloid

Answer 23

metacarpals –> flangees (knuckles)

Question 24

Saddle Joint:

Answer 24

thumb

Question 25

Gliding Joint:

Answer 25

tarsals against metatarsals

Question 26

Pivot Joint:

Answer 26

Atlas against vertabrae

Question 27

Immovable Joint:

Answer 27

sutures on the skull

Question 28

The ACL

Answer 28

prevents tibia moving forward

Question 29

The PCL

Answer 29

prevents tibia moving backwards

Question 30

The LCL

Answer 30

prevents tibia moving outwards

Question 31

The MCL

Answer 31

prevents tibia moving sideways

Question 32

Menisci

Answer 32

shock absorbers

Question 33

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 33

straitions, multinucleated, voluntary

Question 34

Cardiac Muscle - The Heart

Answer 34

striated, branched, uninucleated, involuntary, high endurance capacity

Question 35

Smooth Muscle - blood vessels

Answer 35

nonstraited, uninucleated, involuntary

Question 36

Muscle cell function

Answer 36

long, filled w/ proteins, proteins use ATP to pull against each other and shorten/contract

Question 37

Slow Twitch - back extensors & legs

Answer 37

endurance, has myoglobin (oxygen storage protein), blood vessels & mitochondria. High ATP

Question 38

Fast Twitch- eyes & hands

Answer 38

strength muscle + less oxygen, more calcium storage. release more calcium to exert greater force

Question 39

Dinosaurs

Answer 39

warm-blooded due to density of Haversian canals

Question 40

Humans (homo sapiens)

Answer 40

Achilles tendon, glute muscles, plantar arch

Question 41

Neanderthals

Answer 41

strong muscles, thick bones, nasal cavity