neuroscience & drugs Flashcards
Dependence:
how likely you’ll become addicted
Active Dose
how much to feel effects (to get high)
Lethal Dose
How much to overdose
Glutamate (common excitatory)
Works with GABA. facilate LTP in Hippocampus, Amygdala, Cortex, Too much is excitotoxicity
GABA (common inhibitory)
Works w Glutamate. Lowers activity in brain, sleep/reduce stress.
Acetylcholine (Primal Drive)
PNS: makes muscles work
CNS: primal: sex, anger, wake
- lost in cortex cause Alzheimer’s
- botox stops from being realeasd
Norepinephrine (Primal Drive)
Attention/Alertness: Triggers Sympathetic Nervous System, strengthen memory/sensory, beta blockers block effects
Endorphins (Complex Behavior)
“euphoria” stops pain. Opioids mimic effects.
CNS: stops GABA, more dopamine release increases pleasure feeling
PNS: neuropeptide, pain relief
Dopamine (Frontal Cortex)
Reward Circuit: the more released the stronger the addiction. Loss of cells causes stiffness & Parkinson’s
Serotonin
Positive Mood/Sleep: fluctuates w/ cortisol to effect wake/sleep
Caffeine (Stimulant)
Blocks Adenosine receptors so it keeps increasing, increase heart rate/pupils to feel more awake
Alcohol (Depressant)
Binds to GABA (decrease brain activity) Acetylcholine & Serotonin receptors leads to Dopamine release.
- increase mood bcs of Serotonin
- increase social &decrease decision making bcs GABA
- Off Balance bcs change of liquid thickness in ear
- Blackout: not enough oxygen to Hippocampus memory cells they turn off
Benzodiazepines: Valium (depressant)
- increase Cl- makes harder to fire action potential
- cells depend on it to work normal
(drowsiness, memory)
Cocaine (Stimulant)
Blocks reuptake (in synapse longer) of Norepinephrine (energy), Serotonin (mood), Dopamine (addiction), high is shortlived, LTP effects cause depression.
(happy, awake)
Nicotine (Stimulant)
- Activates Acetylcholine then deactivates
- Release dopamine and reuptake
- feel like need to smoke again bcs the receptors are quiet
(increase heart rate)
Opiates (Depressant)
- Enhance GABA by mimick endorphins
- In reward circuit it reduce GABA release and increase Dopamine
- Chronic use leads to hyperactivity + craving
- Methodine binds to receptors to reduce cravings
(
THC (Hallucinogen, Depressant)
- Binds to Endorphin receptor: effects memory,appetite, mood
- Release Dopamine
- Decrease sodium + potassium levels (slow down brain)
- Chronic use reduces receptors causes low blood flow & oxygen
Psilocybin (hallucinogen)
increase serotonin and dopamine, reduces activity in “hubs” essential for normal brain communication
Excitatory neurotransmitters
cause depolarization can lead to an action potential.
Inhibitory neurotransmitters
cause hyperpolarization- can reduce ability of neuron to fire an action potential.
Antagonists
drugs that decrease Neurotransmitter activity
Agonists
drugs that increase Neurotransmitter activity
Physical dependence
neurons only function normally with the drug, signs of withdrawal
