neuroscience & drugs

Question 1

Dependence:

Answer 1

how likely you’ll become addicted

Question 2

Active Dose

Answer 2

how much to feel effects (to get high)

Question 3

Lethal Dose

Answer 3

How much to overdose

Question 4

Glutamate (common excitatory)

Answer 4

Works with GABA. facilate LTP in Hippocampus, Amygdala, Cortex, Too much is excitotoxicity

Question 5

GABA (common inhibitory)

Answer 5

Works w Glutamate. Lowers activity in brain, sleep/reduce stress.

Question 5

Acetylcholine (Primal Drive)

Answer 5

PNS: makes muscles work
CNS: primal: sex, anger, wake
- lost in cortex cause Alzheimer’s
- botox stops from being realeasd

Question 6

Norepinephrine (Primal Drive)

Answer 6

Attention/Alertness: Triggers Sympathetic Nervous System, strengthen memory/sensory, beta blockers block effects

Question 6

Endorphins (Complex Behavior)

Answer 6

“euphoria” stops pain. Opioids mimic effects.
CNS: stops GABA, more dopamine release increases pleasure feeling
PNS: neuropeptide, pain relief

Question 7

Dopamine (Frontal Cortex)

Answer 7

Reward Circuit: the more released the stronger the addiction. Loss of cells causes stiffness & Parkinson’s

Question 8

Serotonin

Answer 8

Positive Mood/Sleep: fluctuates w/ cortisol to effect wake/sleep

Question 9

Caffeine (Stimulant)

Answer 9

Blocks Adenosine receptors so it keeps increasing, increase heart rate/pupils to feel more awake

Question 10

Alcohol (Depressant)

Answer 10

Binds to GABA (decrease brain activity) Acetylcholine & Serotonin receptors leads to Dopamine release.
- increase mood bcs of Serotonin
- increase social &decrease decision making bcs GABA
- Off Balance bcs change of liquid thickness in ear
- Blackout: not enough oxygen to Hippocampus memory cells they turn off

Question 11

Benzodiazepines: Valium (depressant)

Answer 11

• increase Cl- makes harder to fire action potential
• cells depend on it to work normal
  (drowsiness, memory)

Question 12

Cocaine (Stimulant)

Answer 12

Blocks reuptake (in synapse longer) of Norepinephrine (energy), Serotonin (mood), Dopamine (addiction), high is shortlived, LTP effects cause depression.
(happy, awake)

Question 13

Nicotine (Stimulant)

Answer 13

• Activates Acetylcholine then deactivates
• Release dopamine and reuptake
• feel like need to smoke again bcs the receptors are quiet
  (increase heart rate)

Question 14

Opiates (Depressant)

Answer 14

• Enhance GABA by mimick endorphins
• In reward circuit it reduce GABA release and increase Dopamine
• Chronic use leads to hyperactivity + craving
• Methodine binds to receptors to reduce cravings
  (

Question 15

THC (Hallucinogen, Depressant)

Answer 15

• Binds to Endorphin receptor: effects memory,appetite, mood
• Release Dopamine
• Decrease sodium + potassium levels (slow down brain)
• Chronic use reduces receptors causes low blood flow & oxygen

Question 16

Psilocybin (hallucinogen)

Answer 16

increase serotonin and dopamine, reduces activity in “hubs” essential for normal brain communication

Question 17

Excitatory neurotransmitters

Answer 17

cause depolarization can lead to an action potential.

Question 18

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

Answer 18

cause hyperpolarization- can reduce ability of neuron to fire an action potential.

Question 19

Antagonists

Answer 19

drugs that decrease Neurotransmitter activity

Question 20

Agonists

Answer 20

drugs that increase Neurotransmitter activity

Question 21

Physical dependence

Answer 21

neurons only function normally with the drug, signs of withdrawal