neuroanatomy Flashcards
Dura mater
tough layer with nerves and blood vessels
Meninges
outer protective coverings of the brain
Arachnoid mater
weblike with no blood vessels. Cerebral Spinal Fluid circulates in the subarachnoid space.
Pia mater
covers surface of the brain, has blood vessels and nerves- nourishes the brain.
Cerebrospinal fluid
provides protection/nutrition
high in Na+, K+, and glucose
Made in/secreted into ventricles
Ventricles
interconnected cavities in the brain that are continuous with the spaces around the spinal cord.
Grey Matter
on surface of the brain
is grey bcs of many unmyelinated cells
White Matter
internal, lighter tissue
consists of myelinated axons
Blood-Brain Barrier
-protects against infections of CNS, important to maintain homeostasis, -Astrocytes release chemical for formation of tight junctions,transport proteins for water/glucose.
-Lipids can pass the BBB
- not present in pituitary gland
Sulcus (Sulci)
wrinkle/furrows on the surface of the brain (increase the SA:V)
Gyrus (Gyri)
ridges on surface of the brain (increase the SA:V)
Transverse fissure
separates temporal and Occipital lobe
Longitudinal fissure
separates left and right hemisphere
Lateral/Sylvian fissure
separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobe.
Central Sulcus
sepreates frontal and pariental lobes
Primary Motor Cortex
where entire body is mapped out, devioted to hands, face, tongue
Somatosensory Cortex
(feelings) face, thumb, genitals
Frontal lobe
personality, planning, decision-making,
changes in teenagers
Parietal lobe
analyze and integrate sensory information
Occipital lobe
visual processing
Temporal lobe
hearing, taste, facial recognition,
Broca’s area
left hemisphere/frontal lobe: language production, saying the intended words in correct sequence
Wernicke’s area
left hemisphere/temporal: language meaning
Limbic system (mid brain)
controls basic moods (anger, fear, pleasure), and drives (hunger, sex, dominance, familial bonds)
Reptilian brain
vital functions- breathin, body temperature, balance
Amygdala
emotional learning,
Hippocampus
- formation/retintion of short + long term memory (Episodic, Declarative, Spacial)
- connected to amygdala
Thalamus
central connection hub, connected to all areas, regulates conciousness
Pituitary gland
Secretes hormones that influence stress, growth, metabolism, reproduction, lactation
Acromegaly - human overgrowth
Hypothalamus
controls pituitary gland, regulates metabolism/automatic processes
Corpus Callosum
Largest white matter, communication highway between both two hemispheres
Cerebellum
language, balance, coordination
wrinkly to increase SA:V
Basal Ganglia
movement, reward, and habits
Cerebrum
largest part of brain, initiates/ coordinates movement, regulates temperature
Meningitis
infection of the meninges; inflammation
Huntington’s disease (too much accelator)
malformed proteins cause cell death in hippocampus, cerebrum, cerebellum, cant prevent certain movements, Treatment- benzodiazepines
Parkinson’s disease (too much brake)
Death of dopamine producing cells near the thalamus, affect motor control; shakiness, slow movements.
Treatment- dopamine agonists
Alzheimer’s disease
misfolded protein (plaques), tangled proteins, temporal lobe,
MEG
Functional: electrical activity,
EEG
Electrical activity, lot of electric things on head to measure brain activity NO IMAGING. (Good for sleep disorders, epilepsy, coma)
CAT/CT Scan
Structural (Point in time) XRAY / Slices of brain, to look for brain damage
MRI
Structural (Point in Time): how brain looks
fMRI
Functional: measure changes in blood flow, no brain activity, how brain looks as ur thinking, which areas demand more O2
