Unit 2: Medications Flashcards
Medications for Spinal cord injuries (5)
- Muscle relaxers
- Steroids
- Pain Meds (Gabapentin, Pregabalin (Lyrica), NSAIDs)
- BP Meds (Atropine, Pacing; Vasopressors)
- Stool softeners
What drug class are Tizanidine, Cyclobenzaprine, & baclofen a part of?
Skeletal muscle relaxers
What drug can we give directly to the spinal cord injury site?
Intrathecal Baclofen
Medications for TBI
- Mannitol (ICP Mx)
- BP Meds
- Antiepileptics
- Sedatives or Barbituate coma (Ventilator Mx)
Medications for Brain tumors (5)
- Chemo Meds
- Steroids
- Anti-epileptics
- Anti-emetics
- Pain Meds
Medications for MS (5)
- NSAIDS
- Immunomodulators
- Interferon-beta
- Antispasmodics
- Intrathecal Baclofen
Medications for ALS (5)
- Riluzole (Rilutek) – PO
- Edaravone (Radicava) – IV
- Dextromethorphan + Quinidine (Nuedexta)
- Tiglutik (thickened Riluzole)
- Exservan (film Riluzole)
Medications for ALS:
Which drug only increases life expectancy by 3-5 months?
PO Riluzole (Rilutek)
Medications for GB (2)
- IV IgG
- Pain meds
Medication for MG (5)
- Pyridostigmine (cholinesterase inhibitor)
- Corticosteroids
- Immunosuppressants
- IV IgG
- Monoclonal Antibodies (mabs)
Medication for Myasthenic crisis
Pyridostigmine (cholinesterase inhibitor)
Medication for Cholinergic crisis
Atropine
Medications for TN (3)
- Pain meds (baclofen, gabapentin, pregabalin)
- Anticonvulsants/Antiepileptics (carbamazepine, lamotrigine)
- Nerve block drugs
Vitamin Sups for Liver Disease (3)
- Multivits
- Thiamine
- Folate
Medication for Ascites
- Diuretics (furosemide + spironolactone)
Medications to PREVENT Esophageal varices
- Beta-blockers
Reduces pressure in the Portal Vein
Medications to MANAGE Esophageal varices (4)
- Vasopressors
- Ocreotide (Sandostatin)
- IV Protonix
- Antibiotics (ALWAYS for any GI BLEED!!)
(Also: Fluids + Blood products)
How does Ocreotide work for esophageal varices?
decreases the inflow of blood to portal system by constricting the splanchnic arterioles and significantly reduces intravariceal pressure
Medications for Encephalopathy (2)
- Lactulose (enema if esophageal varices present)
- Rifaximin
What the heck is Rifaximin
Antibiotic! (intestinal antiseptic)
Decreases normal gut flora that produce ammonia
Medications for Cholecystitis (4)
- Pain meds (Opiates!)
- NSAIDs
- Antiemetics
- Ursodiol (Actigall)-dissolve gallstones
Medications for Acute Pancreatitis (2)
- Pain meds (Opioids!!)
- Antiemetics
Medications for Chronic Pancreatitis (2)
- Pancreatic enzymes** (best for preventing pain r/t pancreatitis/not digesting food)
- Pain meds (non-opioid)
Medications for Panhypopituitarism or Hypophysectomy (pituitary removal)
Hormone replacement therapy
Testosterone (IM, PO, Patch, or gel), Estrogen, Progesterone, Clomid, GnRH, Growth hormone-SQ at night)
Medications for Hyperpituitarism (3) (think about drugs specific for certain hormones)
- Dopamine Agonists (Cabergoline, Bromocriptine)
- Somatostatin Analogs (Octreotide, Lanreotide)
- GH-receptor Antagonist/blocker (Pegvisomant)-weekly IM
What the heck is Cabergoline? SEs?
Stimulate dopamine receptors in the brain and slow release of GH and Prolactin.
SEs: orthostatic hypotension, HA, GI upset (give with food), dysrhythmias, CSF leakage
Medications that can induce Diabetes Insipidus (2)
- Lithium
- Demeclocycline (tetracycline Abx)
Medications that can induce SIADH (7)
- Antidepressants (SSRIs, TCAs)
- Opioids
- General anesthetics
- Carbamazepine
- Fluoroquinolone Abxs
- Vincristine (chemo drug)
- Chlorpropamide (sulfonylurea; diabetes drug)
pg. 1237
Medication for Diabetes Insipidus (1)
- Desmopressin (DDAVP; synthetic ADH)
Medication + IV fluid for SIADH if Na+ levels are LOW (2)
- ADH/Vasopressin Antagonists (“Vaptans”)
- Tolvaptan (PO), Conivaptan (IV) - Hypertonic Saline (3% NaCl)
Medication for SIADH if Na+ levels are NORMAL. What disease might we see this used for?
Diuretics (used less often)
Used primarily with HF with “normal” Na+ levels
Medications for Addison’s Disease (3) (think about electrolyte imbalances too)
- Hormone Replacement therapy
- Hydrocortisone, Dexamethasone, Cortisone, Prednisone-most used)
- Fludrocortisone (mineralocorticoid) - Kayexalate (if hyperkalemia emergency)
- IV Glucose or Glucagon (hypoglycemia)
Medications for Cushing’s Disease (3)
- Steroidogenesis inhibitors (Metyrapone, Aminoglutethimide, Ketoconazole, Mitotane, Etomidate)
- VitD (Ca2+?)
- PUD prophylaxis
What SEs should we watch for r/t Steroidogenesis inhibitors?
- Wt loss
- Increased U/O
- F&E imbalances (ECG changes, etc.)