Unit 2 Long Bone Kinesiology

Question 1

Diaphysis

Answer 1

Is the shaft or long main portion of the bone. Consists of a thick cylinder of “compact bone”, enclosing a large central cavity called the medullary or marrow cavity.

Question 2

Epiphyses

Answer 2

The expanded ends of the bone. Epiphyses articulate with other bones to form joints. Made up of spongy bone.

Question 3

Proximal Epiphysis

Answer 3

Is the end of bone close to the central axis of the body. (proximal to point of attchement ex. humerson/shoulder joint)

Question 4

Distal Epiphysis

Answer 4

end of the bone furthest from the body’s central axis (E.g. Humerus – the distal epiphysis would be the end of the bone closest to the elbow joint)

Question 5

Metaphysis

Answer 5

Is the region where the diaphysis joins the epiphysis.
Is the site of the epiphyseal plate.
Metaphysis exists at both ends of the bone.

Question 6

Epiphyseal Plate/Cartilage

Answer 6

Is a layer of hyaline cartilage where the diaphysis lengthens during the development of the long bone. In adults, when skeletal growth has been completed, the epiphyseal cartilage is replaced by bone.

Question 7

Articular Cartilage

Answer 7

at the end of the bone. Absorbs shock at the joint and reduces the friction where bones come together to form the joint.
Cartilage does not have a blood supply or nerve endings.

Question 8

True or False… Cartilage does not have a blood supply or nerve endings?

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

Periosteum

Answer 9

Is a membranous layer that surrounds the diaphysis only and does not unite with the articulating cartilage. (outer layer)

Question 10

The 2 layers of Periosteum

Answer 10

1. Outer Fibrous Layer: Contains dense connective tissue with blood vessels, nerves and lymph vessels.
2. Inner Fibrous Layer: Is the osteogenic layer (bone forming), containing blood vessels and bone cells. It is the main center for bone growth and development.

Question 11

Sharpey’s fibers

Answer 11

a set of connective tissue fibers Periosteum in bound to the bone by.

Question 12

Nutrient Arteries

Answer 12

Enter the periosteum bringing proteins, minerals, carbohydrates and other essential materials for bone growth.

Question 13

Compact Bone

Answer 13

Tightly packed tissue of the diaphysis wall is compact bone. This bone resists bending and is solid and strong.

Question 14

Spongy Bone

Answer 14

Found in the epiphysis and contains trabeculae that contain red and yellow marrow.

Question 15

Medullary Cavity

Answer 15

Is the central marrow city found within the diaphysis or shaft of the long bone.

Question 16

Bone Marrow

Answer 16

Spongy substance in the bone

Question 17

Endosteum

Answer 17

Membrane lining the medullary cavity.
Contains cells involved in bone development and breakdown.

Question 18

Clacification

Answer 18

the removal of calcium salts within a tissue.

Question 19

Mesenchyme

Answer 19

embryonic/fetal connective tissue

Question 20

Osteogenesis

Answer 20

Process of bone formation

Question 21

Osteoblast

Answer 21

A cell that makes bone

Question 22

Osteoclast

Answer 22

A cell that digests and removes unwanted bone.

Question 23

Chondrocyte

Answer 23

A cartilage cell.

Question 24

Osteocyte

Answer 24

bone cell regulates mineral content of the bone.

Question 25

Differentiation

Answer 25

when a cell becomes a specific thing.

Question 26

Functions of the skeletal system

Answer 26

Structure, Support, Movement, Protection, Storage, blood cell formation

Question 27

What percentage of the body weight is made up of bone

Answer 27

14%

Question 28

How many bones do babies have

Answer 28

300

Question 29

How many bones do adults have

Answer 29

206

Question 30

Two types of bone

Answer 30

Compact bone and spongy bone

Question 31

Bones of the appendicular skelton

Answer 31

126. hands, feet, upper extremity, lower extremity, shoulder girdle, and pelvic bones.

Question 32

Axial skelton

Answer 32

80. Skull, clavicle, vertebral column,

Question 33

Function of axial skeleton

Answer 33

provides support and cushioning for your brain, spinal cord and organs in your body. Protection/support

Question 34

Function of appendicular skeleton

Answer 34

Movement

Question 35

5 types of bones

Answer 35

flat, long, short, irregular, and sesamoid.

Question 36

flat bone

Answer 36

hip bone, sternum, ribs

Question 37

Long bone

Answer 37

Fibia, Tibia, Femure, Phalanges, Metatarsals

Question 38

short bone

Answer 38

carpals and tarsals

Question 39

irregular bone

Answer 39

vertabrae, sacrum, coccyx, maxilla, mandible

Question 40

sesemoid bone

Answer 40

patella

Question 41

What is the function of articular cartilage? And where is it found?

Answer 41

Found at the ends of the bones. Allows movement and forms joints.

Question 42

What is the epiphyseal plate? Where are they found?

Answer 42

Growth plate made of cartilage, lies between the epiphyses and metaphyses,

Question 43

Osteoporosis

Answer 43

mostly found in women, a bone disease that develops when bone mineral density and bone mass decreases

Question 44

How to make skeletal system stronger

Answer 44

Eat right, exercise (weight bearing), avoid using drugs and alcohal.

Question 45

How to determine if someone is still growing.

Answer 45

Taking and x ray to look at the growth plate

Question 46

Ossification

Answer 46

process by which new bone is produced.

Question 47

Trabeculae

Answer 47

the thin columns and plates of bone that create a spongy structure in a cancellous bone,

Question 48

Chondrocyte

Answer 48

cells responsible for cartilage formation

Question 49

Fossa

Answer 49

A shallow depression in the bone surface

Question 50

Greater Trochanter

Answer 50

Top of femur

Question 51

Medial malleolus

Answer 51

Inside tibia/ankle