Unit 2 Long Bone Kinesiology Flashcards
Diaphysis
Is the shaft or long main portion of the bone. Consists of a thick cylinder of “compact bone”, enclosing a large central cavity called the medullary or marrow cavity.
Epiphyses
The expanded ends of the bone. Epiphyses articulate with other bones to form joints. Made up of spongy bone.
Proximal Epiphysis
Is the end of bone close to the central axis of the body. (proximal to point of attchement ex. humerson/shoulder joint)
Distal Epiphysis
end of the bone furthest from the body’s central axis (E.g. Humerus – the distal epiphysis would be the end of the bone closest to the elbow joint)
Metaphysis
Is the region where the diaphysis joins the epiphysis.
Is the site of the epiphyseal plate.
Metaphysis exists at both ends of the bone.
Epiphyseal Plate/Cartilage
Is a layer of hyaline cartilage where the diaphysis lengthens during the development of the long bone. In adults, when skeletal growth has been completed, the epiphyseal cartilage is replaced by bone.
Articular Cartilage
at the end of the bone. Absorbs shock at the joint and reduces the friction where bones come together to form the joint.
Cartilage does not have a blood supply or nerve endings.
True or False… Cartilage does not have a blood supply or nerve endings?
TRUE
Periosteum
Is a membranous layer that surrounds the diaphysis only and does not unite with the articulating cartilage. (outer layer)
The 2 layers of Periosteum
- Outer Fibrous Layer: Contains dense connective tissue with blood vessels, nerves and lymph vessels.
- Inner Fibrous Layer: Is the osteogenic layer (bone forming), containing blood vessels and bone cells. It is the main center for bone growth and development.
Sharpey’s fibers
a set of connective tissue fibers Periosteum in bound to the bone by.
Nutrient Arteries
Enter the periosteum bringing proteins, minerals, carbohydrates and other essential materials for bone growth.
Compact Bone
Tightly packed tissue of the diaphysis wall is compact bone. This bone resists bending and is solid and strong.
Spongy Bone
Found in the epiphysis and contains trabeculae that contain red and yellow marrow.
Medullary Cavity
Is the central marrow city found within the diaphysis or shaft of the long bone.
Bone Marrow
Spongy substance in the bone
Endosteum
Membrane lining the medullary cavity.
Contains cells involved in bone development and breakdown.
Clacification
the removal of calcium salts within a tissue.
Mesenchyme
embryonic/fetal connective tissue
Osteogenesis
Process of bone formation
Osteoblast
A cell that makes bone
Osteoclast
A cell that digests and removes unwanted bone.
Chondrocyte
A cartilage cell.
Osteocyte
bone cell regulates mineral content of the bone.
Differentiation
when a cell becomes a specific thing.
Functions of the skeletal system
Structure, Support, Movement, Protection, Storage, blood cell formation
What percentage of the body weight is made up of bone
14%
How many bones do babies have
300
How many bones do adults have
206
Two types of bone
Compact bone and spongy bone
Bones of the appendicular skelton
- hands, feet, upper extremity, lower extremity, shoulder girdle, and pelvic bones.
Axial skelton
- Skull, clavicle, vertebral column,
Function of axial skeleton
provides support and cushioning for your brain, spinal cord and organs in your body.
Protection/support
Function of appendicular skeleton
Movement
5 types of bones
flat, long, short, irregular, and sesamoid.
flat bone
hip bone, sternum, ribs
Long bone
Fibia, Tibia, Femure, Phalanges, Metatarsals
short bone
carpals and tarsals
irregular bone
vertabrae, sacrum, coccyx, maxilla, mandible
sesemoid bone
patella
What is the function of articular cartilage? And where is it found?
Found at the ends of the bones. Allows movement and forms joints.
What is the epiphyseal plate? Where are they found?
Growth plate made of cartilage, lies between the epiphyses and metaphyses,
Osteoporosis
mostly found in women, a bone disease that develops when bone mineral density and bone mass decreases
How to make skeletal system stronger
Eat right, exercise (weight bearing), avoid using drugs and alcohal.
How to determine if someone is still growing.
Taking and x ray to look at the growth plate
Ossification
process by which new bone is produced.
Trabeculae
the thin columns and plates of bone that create a spongy structure in a cancellous bone,
Chondrocyte
cells responsible for cartilage formation
Fossa
A shallow depression in the bone surface
Greater Trochanter
Top of femur
Medial malleolus
Inside tibia/ankle
