Unit 2-Lecture 9

Question 1

DNA Fingerprint

Answer 1

Different pattern of repeats for each individual
-# of repeats are variable among individuals

Question 2

How to determine who is the father by PCR?

Answer 2

1. Look at mother bands and compare to child bands
2. If mother does not have bonds that child does, then check which father has the bonds

Question 3

What 3 sequential biochemical activities does reverse transcription require?

Answer 3

1. RNA. dependent DNA polymerase
2. RNase
3. DNA-dependent DNA polymerase

Question 4

Reverse Transcriptase

Answer 4

RNA turns back to DNA
-Virus uses reverse transcriptase to do 3 things (1. RNA dependent DNA polymerase, RNA nuclease, Integrase)

Question 5

Integrase

Answer 5

Inserts double stranded DNA into human genome and is usually silenced

Question 6

Once thew double stranded dna is inserted into genome by integrase can it be removed?

Answer 6

CANNOT be removed once inserted

Question 7

What else can happen after DNA is integrated into human genome

Answer 7

-DNA can be transcribed back into virus RNA
-Further translated into enzymes reverse transcriptase, integrase, protein coat, protease and will repeat cycle to integrate more

Question 8

Cocktail treatment

Answer 8

Treatment for HIV that inhibits enzymes

Question 9

Mobile elements

Answer 9

DNA sequence in genome that can change location in genome

Question 10

What are the 2 types of transposition?

Answer 10

1. DNA transposon–> Cut & Paste
2. Retrotransposon–> Copy & Paste

Question 11

General Mechanism of DNA Transpposition

Answer 11

1. cut out transposon
2. Integrate transposon to the target region

Question 12

General mechanism of retrotransposition

Answer 12

1. Transcription
2. Translation
3. Reverse transcription of RNA to DNA
4. Synthesis of 2nd DNA strand
5. Insertion of retrotransposon DNA

Question 13

Transposase

Answer 13

-cuts DNA sequence and inserts it into another DNA sequence
-genetic info for enzyme transposase is encoded in DNA

Question 14

Retrotransposons

Answer 14

Encode reverse transcriptase and other enzymes such as integrase

Question 15

Autonomous transposition

Answer 15

mobile DNA encodes the enzymes needed for transposition

Question 16

Telomeres

Answer 16

DNA repeats at the ends of chromosomes
-protects the ends of chromosomes–>prevents loss of genetic info
-replication at the end of linear chromosomes

Question 17

Telomerase

Answer 17

enzyme that adds multiple copies of the telomeric sequence by reverse transcribing telomerase RNA

Question 18

How are telomeres different from autonomous retrotransposition?

Answer 18

Telomeres are different because they do not encode anything, they need 2 genes

Question 19

What are the 2 genes that telomeres need?

Answer 19

1. TERC-makes RNA template
2. TERT- encoded into telomerase protein