Unit 2-Lecture 9 Flashcards
DNA Fingerprint
Different pattern of repeats for each individual
-# of repeats are variable among individuals
How to determine who is the father by PCR?
- Look at mother bands and compare to child bands
- If mother does not have bonds that child does, then check which father has the bonds
What 3 sequential biochemical activities does reverse transcription require?
- RNA. dependent DNA polymerase
- RNase
- DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
Reverse Transcriptase
RNA turns back to DNA
-Virus uses reverse transcriptase to do 3 things (1. RNA dependent DNA polymerase, RNA nuclease, Integrase)
Integrase
Inserts double stranded DNA into human genome and is usually silenced
Once thew double stranded dna is inserted into genome by integrase can it be removed?
CANNOT be removed once inserted
What else can happen after DNA is integrated into human genome
-DNA can be transcribed back into virus RNA
-Further translated into enzymes reverse transcriptase, integrase, protein coat, protease and will repeat cycle to integrate more
Cocktail treatment
Treatment for HIV that inhibits enzymes
Mobile elements
DNA sequence in genome that can change location in genome
What are the 2 types of transposition?
- DNA transposon–> Cut & Paste
- Retrotransposon–> Copy & Paste
General Mechanism of DNA Transpposition
- cut out transposon
- Integrate transposon to the target region
General mechanism of retrotransposition
- Transcription
- Translation
- Reverse transcription of RNA to DNA
- Synthesis of 2nd DNA strand
- Insertion of retrotransposon DNA
Transposase
-cuts DNA sequence and inserts it into another DNA sequence
-genetic info for enzyme transposase is encoded in DNA
Retrotransposons
Encode reverse transcriptase and other enzymes such as integrase
Autonomous transposition
mobile DNA encodes the enzymes needed for transposition
Telomeres
DNA repeats at the ends of chromosomes
-protects the ends of chromosomes–>prevents loss of genetic info
-replication at the end of linear chromosomes
Telomerase
enzyme that adds multiple copies of the telomeric sequence by reverse transcribing telomerase RNA
How are telomeres different from autonomous retrotransposition?
Telomeres are different because they do not encode anything, they need 2 genes
What are the 2 genes that telomeres need?
- TERC-makes RNA template
- TERT- encoded into telomerase protein
