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Kinesiology > Unit 2 Lecture > Flashcards

Unit 2 Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

name the key bones/bony landmarks of the shoulder complex

A
  • scapula
  • clavicle
  • sternum
  • humerus
  • rib cage
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2
Q

name the 3 joints and 1 articulation of the shoulder complex

A
  • sternoclavicular joint
  • acromioclavicular joint
  • glenohumeral joint
  • scapulothoracic articulation
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3
Q

the shoulder girdle is composed of which 2 bones?

A

scapula and clavicle

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4
Q

which joints allow for shoulder girdle motion?

A

SC & AC joints

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5
Q

how many muscles attach to the scapula, clavicle, or both to provide motion of the shoulder girdle?

A

5

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6
Q

what are the motions of the shoulder girdle?

A
  • elevation & depression
  • protraction & retraction - occurs with (abduction & adduction)
  • UR & DR
  • scapular tilt (occurs with hyperextension of the shoulder)
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7
Q

describe the scapula

A
  • located between ribs 2-7
  • spine of scapula is level with T3 and T4
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8
Q

describe the clavicle

A
  • “S” shaped and connects upper extremities to axial skeleton at SC joint
  • composed of sternal end, body, and acromial end
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9
Q

describe the sternum

A
  • composed of 3 divisions: manubrium, body, and xiphoid process
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10
Q

the glenohumeral joint is composed of which 2 bones?

A
  • composed of the scapula & humerus
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11
Q

the glenohumeral joint is also known as

A

the shoulder joint

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12
Q

what are the motions of the glenohumeral joint?

A
  • flexion & extension
  • abduction & adduction
  • MR & LR
  • horizontal abduction & horizontal adduction
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13
Q

is the glenohumeral joint more mobile or more stable?

A

more mobile

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14
Q

what is the sternoclavicular joint composed of?

A
  • costoclavicular ligament - between the clavicle & rib limits clavicular elevation
  • interclavicular ligament - between clavicle & sternum limits clavicular depression
  • sternoclavicular ligament - connect to anterior & posterior surface of sternum provides reinforcement to clavicle
  • articular disk - between clavicle & sternum shock absorption
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15
Q

what does the sternoclavicular joint provide direct attachment of?

A

the shoulder girdle to the trunk of the body

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16
Q

what are the motions of the sternoclavicular joint?

A
  • elevation & depression disk & clavicle
  • protraction & retraction disk & sternum
  • rotation
    3 degrees of freedom
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17
Q

is the sternoclavicular joint more mobile or more stable?

A

more stable/strong

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18
Q

describe the acromioclavicular joint

A

a synovial joint with a weak capsule

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19
Q

what are the motions of the acromioclavicular joint?

A
  • elevation & depression
  • protraction & retraction
  • UR & DR
  • scapular tilt
    3 degrees of freedom
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20
Q

what is the acromioclavicular joint composed of?

A
  • acromioclavicular ligament - around acromial end of clavicle superior & inferior support of weak capsule
  • coracoacromial ligament - forms arch over head of humerus
  • coracoclavicular ligament - scapula to clavicle lateral trapezoid and deeper medial conoid
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21
Q

scapulohumeral rhythm

A
  • movement relationship between the shoulder girdle and shoulder joint
  • 2:1 ratio
    • first 30 degrees of joint elevation is pure joint motion
      after that
    • every 2 degrees of shoulder flexion or abduction = 1 degree of upward rotation from scapula
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22
Q

define winging (associated with scapulohumeral rhythm)

A

the medial border of the scapula lifts off of the thoracic wall in a posterior direction (not normal)

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23
Q

name and describe the muscles of the shoulder girdle that participate in reversal of muscle action (origin moves to insertion)

A
  • UPPER TRAP WITH SHOULDER GIRDLE STABILIZED - assists in extending the head & neck, lateral bending to same side, and rotating to opposite side
  • LOWER TRAP WITH SHOULDER STABILIZED - assists in elevating the trunk (particularly during crutch walking)
  • LEVATOR SCAPULA WITH SCAPULA STABILIZED - assists in rotating and laterally bending the neck to the same side
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24
Q

elevation prime movers (URL)

A
  • upper trap
  • rhomboids
  • levator scapula
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25
Q

depression prime movers (LP)

A
  • lower trap
  • pec minor
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26
Q

retraction prime movers (RM)

A
  • rhomboids
  • middle trap
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27
Q

protraction prime movers (PmS)

A
  • pec minor
  • serratus anterior
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28
Q

UR prime movers (SUL)

A
  • serratus anterior
  • upper trap
  • lower trap
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29
Q

DR prime movers (PmRL)

A
  • pec minor
  • rhomboids
  • levator scapula
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30
Q

scapular tilt prime mover

A
  • pec minor
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31
Q

name the key bones and landmarks that make up the shoulder joint

A
  • supraspinous fossa
  • infraspinous foss
  • subscapular fossa
  • humeral head (articulates with scapula)
  • anatomical neck (groove that separates head from tubercle)
  • surgical neck (just below the tubercles/where head meets body)
  • greater tubercle (provides attachment for supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor)
  • lesser tubercle (provides attachment for subscapularis)
  • glenoid labrum (fibrocartilagenous ring that deepens the articular cavity)
32
Q

what are the motions of the shoulder joint?

A
  • flexion, extension, & hyperextension
  • abduction, adduction, & circumduction
  • MR & LR
  • horizontal abduction & adduction
  • scaption (occurs approximately 30 degrees forward of the frontal plane/most common functional activities occur in this position)
33
Q

describe the PLT sandwich

A
  • Pec major, Lats, and Teres major
    – lateral lip - crest of greater tubercle provides attachment for pec major
    – medial floor - crest of lesser tubercle provides attachment for latissimus dorsi & teres major
34
Q

describe the shoulder joint & the ligaments involved

A
  • shoulder joint capsule is thin-walled from the rim of the glenoid fossa to the anatomical neck
  • glenohumeral ligaments - reinforce anterior capsule
  • coracohumeral ligaments - from coracoid to medial side of greater tubercle strengthens the upper part of the joint capsule
    ^^helps to prevent dislocation of the humeral head^^
35
Q

name the bursae involved with the shoulder joint

A
  • subdeltoid bursa
  • subacromial bursa
36
Q

shoulder joint flexion prime movers (AC)

A
  • anterior deltoid
  • clavicular portion pec major
37
Q

shoulder joint extension prime movers (SPLT)

A
  • sternal portion pec major
  • posterior deltoid
  • latissimus dorsi
  • teres major
38
Q

hyperextension prime movers (PL)

A
  • posterior deltoid
  • latissimus dorsi
39
Q

abduction prime movers (DS)

A
  • deltoid
  • supraspinatus
40
Q

adduction prime movers (PLT)

A
  • pec major
  • latissimus dorsi
  • teres major
41
Q

horizontal abduction prime movers (TIP)

A
  • teres minor
  • infraspinatus
  • posterior deltoid
42
Q

horizontal adduction prime movers (AP)

A
  • anterior deltoid
  • pec major
43
Q

LR prime movers (TIP too)

A
  • teres minor
  • infraspinatus
  • posterior deltoid
44
Q

MR prime movers (SPLAT)

A
  • subscapularis
  • pec major
  • latissimus dorsi
  • anterior deltoid
  • teres major
45
Q

what are the 3 bones involved with the elbow?

A
  • radius
  • ulna
  • humerus
46
Q

what are the 2 joint articulations of the elbow?

A
  • trochlea-U humerus with ulna
  • capitulum-R humerus with radius
47
Q

name and describe the 3 ligaments of the elbow

A
  • medial/ulnar collateral ligament
    • triangular
    • starts from medial epicondyle of humerus & runs obliquely/diagonally to the medial sides of the coranoid process & olecranon process of ulna
  • lateral/radial collateral ligament
    • triangular
    • starts from lateral epicondyle of humerus & attaches to the annular ligament & lateral side of ulna

collateral ligaments reinforce capsule on the sides of the joint

  • annular ligament
    • attaches anteriorly and posteriorly to radial notch of ulna & encompasses head of radius, holding it against the ulna (completely encircles/strengthens joint)
48
Q

describe the 2 convex areas of the elbow

A
  • trochlea (convex) articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna (concave)
  • capitulum (convex) articulates with the radial head (concave)
49
Q

describe the elbow complex

A
  • composed of the proximal and distal radioulnar joint
    • allows for pronation & supination of the forearm
    • radius moves around the ulna
50
Q

define carrying angle & know the difference between men and women

A
  • (in anatomical position) angle created by the humerus and forearm
    – women: 10-15 degrees
    – men: 5 degrees
51
Q

define cubitus varus & excessive cubitus varus

A
  • cubitus varus: angled more towards the midline of the body
  • excessive cubitus varus: excessive amount of angle away from the midline of the body
52
Q

describe the end feels of the elbows

A
  • soft tissue approximation in flexion
  • hard or bony in extension
53
Q

describe the interosseous membrane of the elbow

A

keeps bones from separating & provides site of attachment for muscles of the forearm & wrist

54
Q

elbow flexion prime movers (BBB)

A
  • biceps brachii
  • brachialis
  • brachioradialis
55
Q

elbow extension prime mover

A
  • triceps
56
Q

forearm supination prime movers (BS)

A
  • biceps
  • supinator
57
Q

forearm pronation prime movers (PP)

A
  • pronator teres
  • pronator quadratus
58
Q

which bones make up the wrist?

A
  • radius
  • ulna
59
Q

what are the landmarks of the wrist?

A
  • radial styloid process
  • ulnar styloid process
  • hook of hamate: attachment for transverse carpal ligament
60
Q

which 2 joints make up the wrist?

A
  • radiocarpal joint
    • synovial, condyloid joint
    • biaxial joint
    • distal end of radius and radioulnar disk articulates with the scaphoid, lunate, & triquetrium
  • midcarpal joint
    • located between the 2 rows of carpal bones & contributes to joint motion
    • irregular shape
    • nonaxial joint that allows gliding
61
Q

describe the carpometacarpal joint (CMC)

A

between the distal row of carpals (trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate) & the proximal end of the metacarpals

62
Q

name and describe the ligaments of the wrist

A

(1) Radial Collateral Ligament: runs from the radial styloid (laterally) to the lateral scaphoid and trapezium
(2) Ulnar Collateral Ligament: runs from the ulna (medially) to the pisiform/provides (mostly) medial and lateral stability

(3) Palmar Radiocarpal Ligament: thick, tough, strong/limits wrist extension
(4) Dorsal Radiocarpal Ligament: limits wrist flexion
where it limits movement is where/how it’s stretched

63
Q

palmar fascia

A
  • aka palmar asponeurosis
  • thick and triangular shaped
  • protection
  • site of attachment for palmaris longus
64
Q

what are the joint motions of the wrist?

A
  • flexion & extension
  • UD & RD
65
Q

wrist flexion prime movers

A
  • FCR
  • FCU
66
Q

wrist extension prime movers

A
  • ECRL
  • ECRB
  • ECU
67
Q

wrist RD prime movers

A
  • ECRL
  • FCR
68
Q

wrist UD prime movers

A
  • FCU
  • EDU
69
Q

sensory innervation of the wrist

A

median and radial nerves effect from the thumb to the middle of the ring finger

70
Q

name & describe the 3 joints that make up the thumb?

A

(1) CMC (carpometacarpal)
- between carpals & metacarpals
- forms a saddle joint & allows for mobility/stability
- ROM - flexion &extension, abduction & adduction, opposition & reposition
(2) MCP (metacarpal phalange)
- between metacarpals & proximal phalanges
- ROM - flexion & extension
(3) IP (interphalangial)
- between phalanges & the thumb
- ROM - flexion & extension

71
Q

name and describe the 4 joints of digits 2-5

A

(1) CMC
- the 5th digit has the most mobility & allows for opposition
(2) MCP
- knuckle articulation
- ROM - flexion, extension, & hyperextension, abduction
& adduction
- middle finger as reference (does not abduct)
(3) PIP (proximal interphalangial)
- between proximal & middle phalanges
- ROM - flexion & extension
(4) DIP (distal interphalangial)
- between middle & distal phalanges
- ROM - flexion & extension

72
Q

describe the flexor retinaculum

A
  • composed of 2 ligaments:
    • palmar carpal ligament
    • transverse carpal ligament
73
Q

describe the palmar & transverse carpal ligaments

A
  • palmar carpal ligament: proximal & superficial
  • transverse carpal ligament:
    • arches over the carpal bones forming a tunnel that the median nn & extrinsic tendons pass through
    • job is to hold the flexor tendons in close to the wrist & prevent the carpal bones from spreading or separating
74
Q

describe the extensor retinaculum

A
  • broad, flat band on dorsum of the wrist
  • holds tendons close when performing wrist extension
75
Q

name the power grips

A
  • cylindrical
  • spherical
  • hook
76
Q

name the precision grips

A
  • pad to pad
  • pinch
  • 3 jaw chuck
  • tip to tip
  • pad to side
  • side to side
  • lumbrical grip

Kinesiology (4 decks)

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