Unit 2 - KA3 (The biology of controlling fertility) Flashcards
What sort of fertility do males show?
Continuous Fertility
What sort of fertility do females show?
Cyclical Fertility
When is fertilisation most likely to take place (female)?
In the middle of her cycle at ovulation and 1-2 days later
What does a surge in LH levels trigger? (female)
Release of the ovum from the follicle
How can you identify a females fertile period?
- increase in LH levels
- increase in body temperature
- Cervical mucus is thin and watery
What increases the likelihood of infertility?
Age,genetics,disease and lifestyle
What is artificial insemination?
The introduction of semen into the female uterus by means other than sexual intercourse.
When is artificial insemination used?
When males have a low sperm count
When a sperm donor is being used
What is ICSI?
The direct injection of 1 head of sperm into the nucleus of the egg
When is ICSI used?
When sperm number, viability or mobility is low.
What is in-vitro fertilastion? (IVF)
Fertilisation which occurs outside the body in a culture dish.
When is IVF used?
Commonly used when there is a blockage in the females oviducts.
What is pre-implantaion genetic diagnosis (PGD) used for?
To check for known chromosomal abnormality of single gene defects
What is contraception?
The intentional prevention of pregnancy by natural or artificial means
What is the barrier method of contraception?
Something that physically block sperm from reaching the ova.
What is a diaphraphm?
A dome-shaped rubber cap inserted into the vagina to block the cervix before sex.
What is a intra-uterine device (IUD)?
A T-shaped structure fitted into the uterus for many months of years to prevent the implantation of an embryo
What is a vasectomy?
A surgical procedure whereby the sperm ducts are cut and tied preventing sperm from being released
What is tubal ligation?
The cutting and tying the two oviducts
What does the contraceptive pill contain?
Synthetic progesterone and oestrogen
How does the contraceptive pill work?
It mimics the negative feedback to inhibit the pituitary releasing FSH and LH.
