unit 2 KA1 - systematic carbon chemistry

Question 1

what are saturated molecules

Answer 1

compounds containing only single carbon-carbon bonds are described as saturated

Question 2

what are unsaturated molecules

Answer 2

compounds containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond are described as unsaturated

Question 3

which compounds can take part in addition reactions? unsaturated or saturated?

Answer 3

unsaturated

Question 4

what is an addition reaction

Answer 4

when two molecules combine to form a single molecule. in addition reactions with unsaturated molecules, the double bond is broken and the new molecule is added in.

Question 5

how can you distinguish between unsaturated and saturated compounds

Answer 5

using bromine solution. the unsaturated compounds immediately decolourise bromine solution

Question 6

what are isomers? give three points

Answer 6

• they are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.
• they may belong to different homologous series
• they usually have different physical properties

Question 7

what does volatile mean

Answer 7

volatility is the ease of evaporation

Question 8

how can you predict the solubility, boiling point, and volatility of a compound?

Answer 8

• the presence of O-H or N-H bonds, which imply hydrogen bonding
• the spatial arrangement of polar covalent bonds which could result in a molecule possessing a permanent dipole
• molecular size which could affect London Dispersion Forces
• the polarities of solute and solvent. polar or ionic compoounds tend to be polar in polar solvents, non-polar compounds tend to be soluble in non-polar solvents.

Question 9

how can you explain solubility, boiling point and volatility?

Answer 9

in terms of the type and strength of intermolecular forces present

Question 10

what is viscosity

Answer 10

the quantity that describes a fluid’s resistance to flow