Unit 2 - Industrialization

Question 1

Rural

Answer 1

• Areas where not many people live
• In “the country”
• These areas are always shrinking

Question 2

Tenement

Answer 2

• Overcrowded, slum housing

Question 3

Industrialization

Answer 3

• Making stuff with machines in big factories

* Mass production

Question 4

Capitalism

Answer 4

• CAPITAL=MONEY
• Businesses competing to make money
• Laissez Faire, Market Economy

Question 5

Agrarian

Answer 5

• Related to farming

Question 6

Mechanization

Answer 6

• Producing stuff with machines

* Automation

Question 7

Industry

Answer 7

• The business of making things

Question 8

Laissez-faire

Answer 8

• An enlightenment philosophy
• Means “Hands Off”--the government stays
out of businesses way, and lets them
direct their own course
• Capitalism, Market Economy

Question 9

Social Darwinism

Answer 9

• Survival of the fittest
• Only the strong survive—everyone is
competing against everyone else
• Example: small businesses can’t compete
with bigger ones, so they just go out of
business

Question 10

Corporation

Answer 10

• business that is owned by many people
not just one person
• Example: Walmart, Sony, Ford, etc.

Question 11

Monopoly/Trust

Answer 11

• One company is the only
place you can get a certain
good or service
–No competition
• Example: Standard Oil, U.S.
Steel

Question 12

Sherman Antitrust Act

Answer 12

• 1st federal law to attempt to limit

monopolies

Question 13

Efficiency

Answer 13

• Eliminating waste:
– Eliminating wasted time, money, energy,
resources, etc.
• Example: taking the shortest route to get
somewhere

Question 14

Productivity

Answer 14

• Measure of inputs vs outputs
• If you produce more with the same amount of
resources or less, your productivity goes UP
• Example: today you 10 workers produce 10
cars; tomorrow, the same 10 workers produce
15 cars. Productivity went up.

Question 15

Specialization

Answer 15

Getting really good at producing or
doing ONE thing.
Examples: a kicker on a football team;
a line worker who just bolts on the
front left tire of a car

Question 16

Interdependence

Answer 16

• Two or more things that need each
other to work. Example:
– Steel Companies need railroads to ship their
steel around the country
– Railroads need steel to make their tracks,
trains, bridges, etc. THEY NEED EACH
OTHER
• This is a result of specialization

Question 17

Immigration

Answer 17

• People Moving Into a country
• Example: a person moves here from
Italy or Mexico

Question 18

Emigration

Answer 18

• People Leaving a country

* The Opposite of immigration

Question 19

Migration

Answer 19

• Moving within a country

Question 20

Nativism

Answer 20

• Showing favoritism toward non-immigrants
(“natives”)
– Has NOTHING to do with American Indians!
• Example: refusing to hire immigrants

Question 21

Urbanization

Answer 21

• Cities getting bigger

* Urban = City

Question 22

Political Corruption

Answer 22

• Using a position of power to cheat and

make money

Question 23

Suburbs

Answer 23

• Communities just outside of cities—not as
densely populated, but not rural
• EX: Pickerington, Westerville, Dublin

Question 24

Policy

Answer 24

A course of action
• It answers the question: “How are we
going to do things?”
Example: “Late to class, no hall pass”

Question 25

Legislation

Answer 25

• Laws OR Law-making • Examples: The Affordable Healthcare Act, Sherman Antitrust Act

Question 26

Antitrust Legislation

Answer 26

• Laws against | monopolies/trusts

Question 27

Labor

Answer 27

• Work OR Workers • Example: coal miners, teachers, steel workers, auto workers, etc.

Question 28

Labor Union/Labor Organization/Organized Labor

Answer 28

• workers that get together (organize) for better wages, working conditions, and hours

Question 29

Collective Bargaining

Answer 29

• Workers banding together to negotiate with managers for better pay, working conditions, and hours • What labor unions do

Question 30

Great Railroad Stike (1877)

Answer 30

``` • Riots against Railroads • No Unions Involved • Led to the formation of Labor Unions • Local, State, & Federal Militias called in to end the violence ```

Question 31

Pullman Strike (1894)

Answer 31

• Nationwide strike by the American Railway Union • Striking against the Pullman Company • Lots of rioting

Question 32

Homestead Strike (1892)

Answer 32

• Strike of US Steel workers • There was gun fight between workers and strikebreakers • Led to a decline in union membership

Question 33

Haymarket Riot (1886)

Answer 33

• Chicago labor protest turned where there | was a bombing & a riot

Question 34

Unregulated/Unregulated Working Conditions

Answer 34

• Unregulated=no government oversight • Working conditions=what the environment is like at your work – Mostly related to safety • Unregulated working conditions means the government doesn’t tell businesses what the environment at work must be like

Question 35

Middle Class

Answer 35

• People who work but have a good amount of money and a relatively high standard of living

Question 36

Labor Legislation

Answer 36

• Laws about work. Often about unions

Question 37

Business Regulation

Answer 37

• The government telling businesses what they can and cannot do • EXAMPLES: Minimum wage, Meat Inspection Act

Question 38

Political Parties

Answer 38

``` • Groups that try to run the government – REPUBLICANS – DEMOCRATS – GREEN PARTY – LIBERTARIAN PARTY ```

Question 39

Interest Groups

Answer 39

• A group of people who want something in common from the government--a particular thing is “of interest” to them.

Question 40

Public Opinion

Answer 40

What the people think

Question 41

The Media

Answer 41

``` • The forms of mass communication –Newspapers –TV –Magazines –Radio ```

Question 42

Leisure

Answer 42

• Free Time--used for enjoyment or relaxing

Question 43

Standard of Living

Answer 43

• How hard or easy your life is—the easier | life is, the higher your standard of living