Unit 2 - Industrialization

Question 1

Rural

Answer 1

• Areas where not many people live
• In “the country”
• These areas are always shrinking

Question 2

Tenement

Answer 2

• Overcrowded, slum housing

Question 3

Industrialization

Answer 3

• Making stuff with machines in big factories

* Mass production

Question 4

Capitalism

Answer 4

• CAPITAL=MONEY
• Businesses competing to make money
• Laissez Faire, Market Economy

Question 5

Agrarian

Answer 5

• Related to farming

Question 6

Mechanization

Answer 6

• Producing stuff with machines

* Automation

Question 7

Industry

Answer 7

• The business of making things

Question 8

Laissez-faire

Answer 8

• An enlightenment philosophy
• Means “Hands Off”--the government stays
out of businesses way, and lets them
direct their own course
• Capitalism, Market Economy

Question 9

Social Darwinism

Answer 9

• Survival of the fittest
• Only the strong survive—everyone is
competing against everyone else
• Example: small businesses can’t compete
with bigger ones, so they just go out of
business

Question 10

Corporation

Answer 10

• business that is owned by many people
not just one person
• Example: Walmart, Sony, Ford, etc.

Question 11

Monopoly/Trust

Answer 11

• One company is the only
place you can get a certain
good or service
–No competition
• Example: Standard Oil, U.S.
Steel

Question 12

Sherman Antitrust Act

Answer 12

• 1st federal law to attempt to limit

monopolies

Question 13

Efficiency

Answer 13

• Eliminating waste:
– Eliminating wasted time, money, energy,
resources, etc.
• Example: taking the shortest route to get
somewhere

Question 14

Productivity

Answer 14

• Measure of inputs vs outputs
• If you produce more with the same amount of
resources or less, your productivity goes UP
• Example: today you 10 workers produce 10
cars; tomorrow, the same 10 workers produce
15 cars. Productivity went up.

Question 15

Specialization

Answer 15

Getting really good at producing or
doing ONE thing.
Examples: a kicker on a football team;
a line worker who just bolts on the
front left tire of a car

Question 16

Interdependence

Answer 16

• Two or more things that need each
other to work. Example:
– Steel Companies need railroads to ship their
steel around the country
– Railroads need steel to make their tracks,
trains, bridges, etc. THEY NEED EACH
OTHER
• This is a result of specialization

Question 17

Immigration

Answer 17

• People Moving Into a country
• Example: a person moves here from
Italy or Mexico

Question 18

Emigration

Answer 18

• People Leaving a country

* The Opposite of immigration

Question 19

Migration

Answer 19

• Moving within a country

Question 20

Nativism

Answer 20

• Showing favoritism toward non-immigrants
(“natives”)
– Has NOTHING to do with American Indians!
• Example: refusing to hire immigrants

Question 21

Urbanization

Answer 21

• Cities getting bigger

* Urban = City

Question 22

Political Corruption

Answer 22

• Using a position of power to cheat and

make money

Question 23

Suburbs

Answer 23

• Communities just outside of cities—not as
densely populated, but not rural
• EX: Pickerington, Westerville, Dublin

Question 24

Policy

Answer 24

A course of action
• It answers the question: “How are we
going to do things?”
Example: “Late to class, no hall pass”

Question 25

Legislation

Answer 25

• Laws OR Law-making
• Examples: The Affordable
Healthcare Act, Sherman Antitrust
Act

Question 26

Antitrust Legislation

Answer 26

• Laws against

monopolies/trusts

Question 27

Labor

Answer 27

• Work OR Workers
• Example: coal miners, teachers, steel
workers, auto workers, etc.

Question 28

Labor Union/Labor Organization/Organized Labor

Answer 28

• workers that get together (organize)
for better wages, working
conditions, and hours

Question 29

Collective Bargaining

Answer 29

• Workers banding together to negotiate
with managers for better pay, working
conditions, and hours
• What labor unions do

Question 30

Great Railroad Stike (1877)

Answer 30

• Riots against Railroads
• No Unions Involved
• Led to the formation of Labor Unions
• Local, State, & Federal Militias called in to
end the violence

Question 31

Pullman Strike (1894)

Answer 31

• Nationwide strike by the American Railway
Union
• Striking against the Pullman Company
• Lots of rioting

Question 32

Homestead Strike (1892)

Answer 32

• Strike of US Steel workers
• There was gun fight between workers and
strikebreakers
• Led to a decline in union membership

Question 33

Haymarket Riot (1886)

Answer 33

• Chicago labor protest turned where there

was a bombing & a riot

Question 34

Unregulated/Unregulated Working Conditions

Answer 34

• Unregulated=no government oversight
• Working conditions=what the environment
is like at your work
– Mostly related to safety
• Unregulated working conditions means the
government doesn’t tell businesses what
the environment at work must be like

Question 35

Middle Class

Answer 35

• People who work but have a good amount
of money and a relatively high standard of
living

Question 36

Labor Legislation

Answer 36

• Laws about work. Often about unions

Question 37

Business Regulation

Answer 37

• The government telling businesses what
they can and cannot do
• EXAMPLES: Minimum wage, Meat
Inspection Act

Question 38

Political Parties

Answer 38

• Groups that try to run the government
– REPUBLICANS
– DEMOCRATS
– GREEN PARTY
– LIBERTARIAN PARTY

Question 39

Interest Groups

Answer 39

• A group of people who want something in
common from the government–a
particular thing is “of interest” to them.

Question 40

Public Opinion

Answer 40

What the people think

Question 41

The Media

Answer 41

• The forms of mass communication
–Newspapers
–TV
–Magazines
–Radio

Question 42

Leisure

Answer 42

• Free Time–used for enjoyment or relaxing

Question 43

Standard of Living

Answer 43

• How hard or easy your life is—the easier

life is, the higher your standard of living