Unit 2 Importance of Plants Flashcards
Plants have specialized structures with distinct functions enabling them to respond and adapt to their environment. Plant variety is critical to the survival and sustainability of ecosystems.
Which of the following is NOT a plant group?
a) Lycophytes
b) Gymnosperms
c) Angiosperms
d) Lythosperms
Lythosperms does not exist and is not a plant group. However, lycophytes (mosses and ferns) are a plant group, as well as gymnosperms (conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants).
Which of the following is a function of a root?
a) Anchors plants
b) Stores carbohydrates
c) Absorbs nutrients
d) All of the above
D. Roots do a lot for a plant, including anchoring the plant, absorbing nutrients, absorbing water and stores carbohydrates and water.
In which of the following does photosynthesis occur…
a) Ground tissue
b) Cuticle
c) Guard cells
d) Vascular tissue
a) Ground tissue
Which of the following are examples of the structure of leaves on deciduous trees and how their able to survive throughout the winter?
a) Thick waxy cuticles, lower leaves are killed off in thick forested areas to preserve energy for higher leaves that still get enough sunlight to photosynthesize, compacted needle-like leaves to reduce surface area and contain moisture.
b) Thin waxy cuticle, seasonal leaf loss all in all environments to preserve energy, big flat leaves to increase surface area and ability to photosynthesize, seasonally change colour depending on breakdown of chlorophyll.
b) Thin waxy cuticle, seasonal leaf loss all in all environments to preserve energy, big flat leaves to increase surface area and ability to photosynthesize, seasonally change colour depending on breakdown of chlorophyll.
Which part of the leaf is responsible for most of the photosynthesis?
A) Epidermis
B) Veins
C) Spongy mesophyll
D) Palisade mesophyll
Correct Answer: D
What are some ways that plants can adapt to environmental changes? List two example of an environmental adaptation.
- Plants can adapt by changing their position and size
- Position example: if the sun is up for longer periods of time during the summer, sunflowers tend to move their position and instead face the opposite direction so that they do not get burned by the sun
- Size example : a leaf at the top of a tree could be smaller so that less damage is done to the plant from direct sunlight. The leaves on the bottom of the tree are larger in order to absorb as much light as they can from the shade.
What is the purpose of photosynthesis in plants?
a) To produce carbon dioxide for cellular respiration
b) To convert sunlight into chemical energy stored in glucose
c) To absorb energy for the plants metabolic processes
d) To eliminate waste products
Answer is B
What are the main functions of roots?:
(A) anchor the plant
(B) absorb nutrients
(C) absorb water
(D) storage of water and carbohydrates
(E) all of the above
(E) all of the above
What is the key feature of sexual reproduction in plants?
a) The creation of clones
b) The release of spores
c) The production of gamates
d) The production of seeds through pollination
Answer is D
What is the main role of the epidermis in a stem?
A) To transport water and nutrients
B) To perform photosynthesis
C) To protect the stem and reduce water loss
D) To produce new cells
Correct Answer: C
Woody stems have a vascular cambium that allows for new ______________________ to be produced every year.
(A) xylem and phloem
(B) xylem
(C) phloem
(D) Stolon
(A) xylem and phloem
Which of the following is not an example of the functions of leaves?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Storage
C) Absorption of water and nutrients
D) Gas exchange
C) Absorption of water and nutrients
Explanation: Leaves have many functions, but instead of absorption of water and nutrients, it is protected from predators. Roots are the part of the plant that absorb water and nutrients.
Which of the following statements is not true between differing monocot and eudicot stems.
A) Monocot stems have scattered vascular bundles and eudicot stems have vascular bundles that are arranged in a ring near the edge of the stem.
B) Monocot stems have basic roles as a stem like supporting the structure and moving water and nutrients, Eudicot stems help the leaves through the process of photosynthesis.
C) Monocot stems have no secondary growth, and eudicot stems have secondary growth.
D) Monocot stems are mostly thick from the start of growth, and eudicot stems grow out to be thick over a period of time.
B - Monocot stems have basic roles as a stem like supporting the structure and moving water and nutrients, Eudicot stems help the leaves through the process of photosynthesis.
Explanation: A similarity between monocot and eudicot stems is that they both have the same basic structure. They both support the rest of the plants and help move water and nutrients.
A To produce flowers
B) To help the plant grow taller
C) To make food for the plant
D) To absorb water and nutrients and anchor the plan
Correct Answer: D
Describe the function of xylem in plants.
Answer:
Xylem is a type of vascular tissue responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.The primary function of xylem is to support the plant and conduct water and dissolved minerals.
What do root hairs do in the root system?
Root hairs are to help the plant grow out to absorb more nutrients. They increase the surface area of the root which allows the absorption of more water and nutrients from the soil. Root hairs take in water through osmosis delivering them to the rest of the plant.
Why are plants important for the earth?
Plants are important due to the fact that they provide oxygen for all living things to survive. They provide food for animals and humans as well as water which rests in the leaves and allows animals to drink. They are also used for shelter and make up habitats for animals. They take in carbon dioxide and help with soil erosion. They are also used for a lot of things humans use in their daily life such as paper.
Which of the following is not a way that roots help with erosion control.
A) Slowing water flow
B) Supporting the plants structure by anchoring it into the soil
C) Help with making the roots more sturdy to withstand anything
D) Vegetative cover, by providing a protective layer
C - Help with making the roots more sturdy to withstand anything
Explanation: During erosion, the roots have a lot of jobs to be able to help the plant withstand this problem. As erosion occurs, the roots do happen to get damaged causing them to become weak.
What is the main difference between dermal tissue, vascular tissue, and ground tissue? Provide the structure and function.
The structure and functions of these three tissues are very different to how they help out the plant. The Dermal Tissue is the outermost protective layer of the plant, it has thick walls and is covered by a waxy-cuticle. The function of Dermal Tissue is to protect the plant from injury, herbivores, diseases, and water loss. The Vascular tissue consists of two different tissues, phloem and xylem. The function of Vascular Tissue is to transport water and nutrients through the plant. The phloem transports sugars and other organic compounds and the xylem transports water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. The Ground Tissue makes up the majority of the rest of the plant, between the vascular and dermal tissues. Dermal Tissue provides support, storage, and carries out photosynthesis in the plant.
How does the reproduction of plants contribute to the sustainability of ecosystems?
Reproduction of plants is really important when it comes to keeping an ecosystem sustainable. Having plants reproduce ensures that a plant species won’t become extinct and stay a healthy species. It also helps with biodiversity, by ensuring that the ecosystem has the right species incase of a big change like climate change. Having the plants reproduce also helps with the soil formation. The soil would become more structured and allow for more plants to grow within it. Overall, plant reproduction provides benefits to all species within the ecosystem, even other plants.
When looking at the kingdom plantae, how many major groups are plants split into? Further more, what are the types of plants in these groups?
The 3 major groups that plants are split into are angiosperms, lycophytes/pterdophytes, and gymnosperms. The angiosperms group contains flowering plants. The lycophytes/pterdophytes group includes mosses and ferns. The gymnosperms group includes conifers.
What tissues inside plants are used to protect against injury, herbivores, water loss and disease.
a) Dermal tissues
b) Vascular tissues
c) Ground tissues
d) Epithelial tissues
a) Dermal tissues
In a plant, what part of the plant does photosynthesis primarily take place? Provide an example of what happens during this photosynthesis process.
The leaves are where photosynthesis primarily takes place for plants. An example of photosynthesis happening in the leaves would be chlorophyll in the leaves would absorb and capture sunlight, this would be used later to help create glucose for the plant.
In the roots of a plant, which of the following is an example of a taproot system?
a) Carrot
b) Banana
c) Wheat
d) Rice
a) Carrot
What does Photosynthesis work explain in detail?
Photosynthesis work by the chloroplast on leaves absorbs the energy form the sunlight. The sunlight convert inorganic material (carbon dioxide and water) into to organic material (glucose) that is then used as energy for cellular respiration and the rest is stored for later use.
Explain how plants reproduce?
Plants reproduce sexually and asexually . Plant reproduce sexually through pollination where pollen is carried the male parts to female parts of a flower by the wind or insects . Asexually reproduction happen through budding , fragmentation and spores by regenerating a new plant form parent plant.
This is harnessed through photosynthesis?
a) Energy
b) Gas Exchange
c) Nutrients
a) Energy
This is a stem surrounded by modified leaves?
a) Tubers
b) Bulbs
c) Rhizomes
b) Bulbs
This has two tissue types epidermis and periderm with a waxy cuticle , thick wall and is the outer cell layer?
a) Dermal Tissue
b) Vascular Tissue
c) Ground Tissue
a) Dermal Tissue
Where in the leaf does photosynthesis occur?
a. Spongy Mesophyll
b. Cuticle
c. Palisade Mesophyll
d. Stoma
c. Palisade Mesophyll
If a sunflower moves away from the sunlight, what type of tropism is it exhibiting?
a. Negative Phototropism
b. Positive Phototropism
c. Positive Gravitropism
d. Negative Gravitropism
a. Negative Phototropism
Functions of Leaves?
A. - Photosynthesis
B. - Gas exchange
C. - Storage
D. - All of the above
D
Asexual reproduction is a common method of reproducing and growing a population of plants, but it has disadvantages in changing environments. What is the key disadvantage and why does it impact the growth of a population in these environments?
Asexual reproduction’s key disadvantage in a growing environment as it does not provide any genetic diversity. This impacts the growth of the environment as all of the population is equipped with the same traits for the environment it has been adapted to. When the environment changes, the population may be wiped out as it is not equipped to survive in the new environment since there is no diversity in the gene pool.
Why are plants considered the primary producers in most ecosystems?
a) They can produce their own food through photosynthesis
b) They can reproduce sexually with other plants to grow their population
c) Plants don’t need any natural resources, like water and food, to survive
d) Plants don’t need to reproduce
a) They can produce their own food through photosynthesis
What is the most inner layer of a woody stem?
A. - Sapwood
B. - Heartwood
C. - Cork
D. - Phloem
B
When dirt and soil are exposed to the elements, they are always at risk of being eroded. If someone wanted to reduce the risk of erosion, how might they use plants and roots to do so?
To reduce the risk of erosion, the person could plant trees with above ground networks of roots. The roots act like a mat or a tarp, covering the dirt from the harsh forces of the elements and preventing erosion as they trap the soil in place. Plants, such as mangrove trees, with their large above ground fibrous root systems are useful in these cases.
What is a Taproot system
A. - many small roots that spread
B. - one thick main root
C. - Multiple thick roots
D. - Roots that change colours
B
How do plants prevent soil erosion and maintain soil fertility?
a) Plants extract all nutrients from the soil
b) Plants often bind the soil together with their root systems - meaning they’re able to serve as a protective layer
c) Roots prevent soil organisms from growing
d) Plants create a protective layer that helps bind the soil together
b) Plants often bind the soil together with their root systems - meaning they’re able to serve as a protective layer
What are the main purposes of roots?
ANSWER
Anchor the plant
absorb nutrients
absorb water
storage of water and carbohydrates
List 3 basic needs of plants
ANSWER
acquiring energy
acquiring nutrients
acquiring water
performing gas exchange
protecting themselves from predators
Reproduction
Why is chlorophyll essential for life on Earth?
a) It’s not important for life on Earth
b) Chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis
c) Prevents damage done to genes by harmful aflatoxins
d) Sustains plant life and produces oxygen for the planet
d) Sustains plant life and produces oxygen for the planet
Compare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction in plants.
- Sexual reproduction produces offspring by fusion of gametes, resulting in offspring genetically different from the parent or parents
- Asexual reproduction produces new individuals without the fusion of gametes, genetically identical to the parent plants of each other, except when mutations occur
- Both ways of reproduction result in the formation of a new life
What is the internal leaf structure order and its functions?
1) Cuticle - the outermost layer of plants that covers leaves, fruits, flowers, and non-woody stems of higher plants. Cuticle ensures that the plant has a sufficient amount of water to carry out photosynthesis
Protects plants from UV
2) Upper Epidermis - a single layer of cells containing few or no chloroplasts- transparent and permits most light that strikes them to pass through
Helps protect the lead by aiding in preventing water loss and providing an extra layer between the outside and inside of the leaf
3) Palisade Mesophyll - located inside the mesophyll of most green leaves
They maximize light absorption/energy production for photosynthesis
4) Spongy Mesophyll - to facilitate the exchange of gases essential to the process of photosynthesis
Allow for the interchange of gases that are needed for photosynthesis
5) Lower Epidermis - to regulate gas exchange and prevent water loss
Contains stoma and guard cells that allow carbon dioxide to enter the leaf and oxygen and excess water to exist in the leaf
6) Xylem - transports water upward from the roots to parts of the plants such as stems and leaves. But also transports nutrients
Contains cells parenchyma and fibres
7) Phloem - two cells, sieve element (SE), responsible for nutrients condition, and companion cell (cc) that provides metabolic support for the Se
Makes up plants’ long-distance transport systems
Phloem translocates water and products of photosynthesis from source tissues to the sink regions
8) Guard Cells - Surrounds the stomata, specialized cells found on the plant epidermis, or outer layer of the plant
External guard = polysaccharide-based wall polymers
Help regulate the rate of transpiration by opening and closing the stomata
9) Stomata - minute pores, surrounded by a pair of guard cell
Stomata open and close according to the turgidity of guard cells
Allows for gas exchange to occur, mainly carbon dioxide to enter the plant to make food molecules such as glucose and for oxygen to be released by the plant
10) Vein (vascular bundle) -transporting critical substances to various parts of the plants
What is the equation for the process of photosynthesis?
a) CO2 + 6H2O → C6H8O6 + 6O2
b) 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
c) 4CO2 + 6H2O →C8H8O6 + 6O2
d) 6CO2 + 6H2O → 2C6H12O8 + 6O2
Answer: b) 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
- 6 carbon dioxide molecules and 6 water molecules are converted, by light energy, into a glucose molecule and 6 oxygen molecules
- The light is captured by the chlorophyll and then converted into light energy to photosynthesize
- The plant photosynthesizes the carbon and water molecules to create food for itself
What is the key difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms?
a) Method of seed dispersal
b) Method of growth
c) Difference in colour
d) How seeds are developed
Answer: d) How seeds are developed
- Gymnosperms seeds are exposed and developed in unisexual cones that lack fruit or flowers
- Angiosperms seeds are enclosed by mature ovaries in the flower or fruits
Why is Nitrogen a macronutrient for plants?
a) It produces proteins, nucleic acids, and chlorophylls for plants
b) It strengthens the plant’s cell wall
c) It strengthens their cellular transport mechanisms
d) It produces membranes and nucleic acids
Answer: a) It produces proteins, nucleic acids, and chlorophylls for plants
- Nitrogen is a key component of amino acids, which build into proteins
- Nitrogen is a major component of chlorophyll, which produces a plants energy through photosynthesis
- Nitrogen helps to build nucleic acids in plants, which are the building blocks for RNA and DNA (genetic material)
- Plants absorb nitrogen from the soil as nitrate
Why are green plants beneficial to the environment?
- Green plants are carbons sinks, they help to maintain the balance of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the environment
- During photosynthesis, they trap 6 carbon dioxide molecules for every 1 glucose molecule
- Green plants also produce food for consumers, they are the starter of the food chain
Why do plants help to prevent soil erosion?
- Plants bind soil together with their root systems, so they serve as a protective layer to help prevent soil erosion
- Plants absorb water which helps reduce the risk
- Plants shield the soil from wind and sun to help keep it in place
- Plants are natural barriers
What transports photosynthesis products from the leaf to other parts of the plants?
a) Epidermis
b) Phloem
c) Xylem
d) Stoma
a) the Phloem transports food from the leaf to other parts of the plant from photosynthesis. The xylem transports water to the leafs
When a stoma is open, which of the following enter the plant?
a. Sunlight
b. CO2
c. Water
d. Air
a. CO2
Which of the following are traits of a woody stem?
a. Must regrow each year
b. Soft
c. Scattered vascular phloem
d. Has vascular cambium
a. Has vascular cambium
If a farmer wants a desirable trait for a plant, what process would they use?
a) Auxins
b) Grafting
c) Pollination
d) Photosynthesis
b) Grafting is the process in which a young branch (scion) is attached to a stem+root system (stock). The vascular tissues fuse together to form a desirable plant.
Which of the following statements is true?
A) Chloroplasts absorb yellow light and blue light, and reflect red light
B) Mitochondria absorb red light and blue light, and reflect green light
C) Chloroplasts absorb green light and red light, and reflect yellow light
D) Chloroplasts absorb red light and blue light, and reflect green light
D) Chloroplasts absorb red light and blue light, and reflect green light
Which of the following is a sex organ found in plants?
a. Pollen sac
b. Phloem
c. Vacuole
d. Sap
a. Pollen sac
What is it called when trees lose their leaves?
A. Caliside
B. Turmoil
C. Abscission
D. Argyle
C) Abscission
What attaches the leaf to the stem?
A. Blade
B. Veins
C. Petiole
D. Vascular Tissues
C) Petiole
What is the function of fibrous root and taproot systems and why they differ in certain plant species?
Taproot systems have one thick main root.
Deeper soil penetration absorbs more nutrients, works as an anchor, stores more nutients, lives longer.
Fibrous root systems have many small roots that spread.
Easily absorbs water, erosion control, grow and spread quickly.
A plant lives in a hot dry climate with limited access to water and nutrients. What characteristics would benefit a plant in this climate and enable it to survive.
Efficient cooling system like found in ost succulents.
Large storage of water and nutrients.
Some type of defense against predators due to the limitted amount of nutrients and water.
What type of tissue protects the plant?
a) Dermal
b) Vascular
c) Ground
d) Meristematic
a) Dermal tissues have thicker walls, as well as a waxy cuticle, therefore it helps to protect the plant from injury, disease, herbivores and water loss.
What is the function of the spongy mesophyll layer in a leaf?
a) Facilitates photosynthesis with tightly-packed chloroplasts
b) Allows for light to pass through for photosynthesis in lower layers of the leaf
c) Transports sugars, amino acids and water from the leaves to other parts of the plant
d) Facilitates gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
d) Facilitates gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
What is a ‘male’ reproductive part in a flower?
a) Stigma
b) Pistil
c) Stamen
d) Carpel
c) Stamen. Contains anther that produces pollen for fertilization.
What are methods of protection that plants use?
- spikes on leaves
- toxins
- oder
- chemicals
What are the underground specialized stems
A. Stolon, Vines and Tendrils
B. Rhizomes, Tubers and Bulbs
C. Rhizomes, Tubers and Tendrils
D. Stolon, Bulbs and Vines
B) Rhizomes, Tubers and Bulbs
What is a tuber?
a) A taproot system of a plant
b) Stems that grow underground and allow for food storage
c) Stems that are surrounded by modified leaves
d) Thick stems that grow on the surface of soil
b) Stems that grow underground and allow for food storage
Explain The Process of Photosynthesis
Explain The Process of Photosynthesis
- Conversion of inorganic material (carbon dioxide and water) into organic material (glucose) by harvesting solar energy
- Glucose is the energy source for many cellular processes—cellular respiration
- Chloroplasts absorb energy from the sunlight through photopigments that absorb particular wavelengths of light
What Are the Differences Between Sexual and Asexual Reproduction in Plants?
Sexual Reproduction:
- It involves the fusion of male (pollen) and female (ovule) gametes.
- Requires two parent plants (genetically different).
- Results in offspring with genetic variation.
- Involves processes like pollination, fertilisation, and seed formation.
- Examples: cross pollination in flowers, fertilisation in angiosperms.
Asexual Reproduction:
- It involves the production of offspring without the fusion of gametes.
- Only one parent plant is required (genetically identical offspring).
- Results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent (clones).
- Can occur through vegetative parts (e.g., stems, roots, leaves).
- Examples: runners in strawberries, cloning in potatoes via tuber
What is NOT an advantage of asexual reproduction compared to sexual reproduction?
a) It has more genetic variation
b) Its faster
c) Its more energy efficient
d) Only one parent is needed
a) Asexual reproduction creates offspring that are identical to it’s parent meaning that there isn’t a lot of genetic variation.
What is the function of xylem and phloem in a plant?
a) Storage of sugars, amino acids, and water for the plant
b) Contains chloroplasts, used for photosynthesis
c) Transports water, sugars and amino acids throughout the plant
d) Helps acquire water from the soil, through the roots
c) Transports water, sugars and amino acids throughout the plant
What are a plants basics needs?
▪acquiring energy
▪acquiring nutrients
▪acquiring water
▪performing gas exchange
▪protecting themselves from predators
▪reproduction
Which of the following is not a function of leaves?
a. Gas Exchange
b. Storage
c. Protection from Predators
d. Provide Structural Support
e. Photosynthesis
d. Provide Structural Support
What is the process of reproduction in angiosperms? What structures are involved in this process?
- Flowers contain both male + female reproductive parts
- Male reproductive parts: Stamens, composed of anther (produces pollen grain) and filament (raises anther above female organs)
- Female reproductive parts: Carpel, composed of stigma (a sticky surface which is the landing sight for pollen grains) and style (a tube-like structure that leads down to ovary, which contains ovules & allows for fertilization)
- Methods of pollination and fertilization: pollen is transferred to another flower by wind + animals, and some plants only cross-pollinate while others self-pollinate (another flower on the same plant)
What is the difference between spongy mesophyll and palisade mesophyll? (written)
Palisade mesophyll: Facilitates photosynthesis and has chloroplasts for maximum light absorption
spongy mesophyll: Facilitates gas exchange and works as storage
Which of the following is an example of a Tuber?
a. Onion
b. Potato
c. Asparagus
d. Corn
b. Potato
What are some of a plant’s mechanisms for survival & how do they function? Explain your response in detail.
- Structures on leaves & stem: Thorns on a rose; deters predators from eating it
- Produce toxins: Deters predators from eating it due to the taste/smell
- Grow taller: Allows for plants to reach sunlight above other plants; competition for resources
- Grow roots: Allows for plants to reach past surrounding area in order to get nutrients; competition for resources
What is correct about roots?
a) Roots always grow downwards
b) Roots store water and carbohydrates
c) Roots are only underground
d) roots all look the same
The correct answer is B because roots function not only to anchor the plant but also to store essential nutrients
What is NOT a function that roots provide?
A- Absorbs water
B- Stores carbohydrates
C- Performs photosynthesis
D- absorbs nutrients
The answer is C because although trees do photosynthesis that is within the leaves and not the roots.
Which of the following is not a function of roots?
a. Anchor the plant
b. Absorb nutrients
c. Absorb water
d. Storage of water and proteins
d. Storage of water and proteins
What is the difference between primary and secondary growth? (written)
Secondary growth: Occurs in the lateral meristems and THICKENS THE ROOTS AND SHOOTS of woody plants
Primary growth: Occurs in the apical meristems and LENGTHENS STEMS AND ROOTS
What function from a leafs fits the description (glucose is the energy source)?
a) photosynthesis
b) Gas exchange
c) Storage
d) Protection from predators
The correct answer is A because photosynthesis is the process in which leaves convert sunlight into glucose which is used as the plant’s energy source.
What are the human uses for stems?
Humans use stems for many different things like food sources, medicine, building materials, paper, fuel/energy, and for decoration. We use stems like asparagus, Sugarcane, Bamboo Shoots, Celery, and rhubarb for food. We use them to make medicine like aspirin. We use them to build homes/shelter whether that be from wood stems or stems like bamboo. We wood stems to make supplies like paper. We use them for fires and biofuel. And we use them to decorate our homes
What are a plant’s basic needs and how can these be met?
Plants need light, water, nutrients, protection, and the correct climate. These needs can be met by making sure a plant is in a space that gets enough sunlight and is not in the shade for the majority of the day. They can be water regularly if needed (if they are a house plant or plant that hasn’t gotten water for an extended period of time). They can be given proper fertilization, and can be tested regularly to make sure soil quality is good. We can help plants with protection by getting rid of threats like invasive plants/species. And we can help with the climate by growing plants in greenhouses and in homes. Plants will grow naturally in climate that they think they will have the best survival because if they don’t survive they wouldn’t be able to reproduce to they wouldn’t be in that environment/climate
What type of tissue is responsible for the transportation of water in plants
A) Xylem
B) Phloem
C) Epidermis
D) Ground
A
One thick main root is used to describe which root system?
A) Fibrous root system
B) Root tissue
C) Vascular tissue
D) Taproot system
D
Which part of a leaf’s structure connects the leaf to the stem?
A) Leaflet
B) Blade
C) Petiole
D) Veins
C
Which of the following describes a fibrous root system?
A- A larger root
B- Small root with many strands
C- Thick root that doesn’t have many strands
D- Thick root with many strands
The answer is b because a fibrous root system has small like strands instead of a few big ones.
What type of stem has a vascular cambium that allows for new xylem and phloem to be produced?
A-above ground modified stems
B-woody stems
C- Herbaceous stems
D- Underground specialized stems
The answer is B because the woody stems are the only ones with a vascular cambium and this is what produces these new cells.
Explain how gas exchange occurs in the stoma and what causes it to open and close.
The way that gas exchange occurs in the stoma is the cell walls open and close for the air to come in and out. The way this happens is the guard cells begin to open. This happens during the day as heat triggers the tightening of guard cells.
Explain how trees such as evergreen stay alive during the winter?
Evergreen trees stay alive during the winter because they have a wax coating protecting them. This has to do with a certain type of protection the plant provides just how cactuses have spikes on them to protect them.
What are the 3 main Vascular Tissue Types?
A. Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma.
B. Dermal, Vascular, Ground
C. Epidermis, Periderm, Terminal
Answer is B. Dermal, Vascular and Ground
- What are the 3 above ground modified stems?
A. Stolon, Vines, Tendrils
B. Bulbs, Tubers, Rhizomes
C. Xylem, Phloem, Cambium
Answer is A. Stolon, Vines, and Tendrils
- What are the main functions of Leaves?
A. Cellular Respiration, Fructose, Restoration, Glucose
B. Photosynthesis, Gas exchange, Protection, Storage
C.Absorption, Capacity, Restoration, Energy
Answer is B. Photosynthesis, Gas exchange, protection, storage
How are Chloroplasts used in Photosynthesis?
Answer: Chloroplasts are used to absorb the energy from sunlight through photopigments. This then absorbs specific wavelengths of light.
Describe what Dermal, Vascular, and Ground Tissue are and what major role they play for the plant?
Answer: Dermal Tissues are tissues made of epidermis and periderm tissue types. They are used to shield the plant against injuries and herbivores. Vascular tissues are tissues made from xylem and phloem. Their job is to move water and nutrients around the plant to support the body. Ground Tissues are tissues made from parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma. They perform cellular processes to support growth and development.
What are the two main purposes for leaves?
a) sugar transport and starch storage
b) photosynthesis and gas exchange
c) reproduction and support
d) water and nutrition absorption
ANSWER: B)photosynthesis and gas exchange
When does fruit development begin?
a) when a seed is formed
b) when pollen is released
c) when an ovule is fertilised
d) when the pollen tube begins to grow
ANSWER: C)when an ovule is fertilised
Why do plant populations become established more quickly during secondary succession then during primary succession?
a) Soil is already present during secondary succession
b) Animals eat more plants during primary succession
c) Water must form before primary succession occurs
d) Sunlight is not available in primary succession
ANSWER: A)Soil is already present during secondary succession
Plants are unique because they are immobile. Name two other aspects that make them unique and explain how they do it.
-Plants ability to make their own food makes them unique to many species. Plants are able to make their own food from sunlight, oxygen and carbon dioxide through a process called photosynthesis.
-Their response to stimuli is a lot different than one of an animal. Instead of being able to move around for sunlight, water and food.Plants have to grow taller and reach for the sun or another example is the fact that they have grow their roots in search for water.
What kind of stem would a tulip plant have?
a) a monocot stem
b) a woody stem
c) eudicot stem
d) a tuber stem
Answer a
What role does dermal tissue have in a plant?
a) supports the plant body
b) stores carbohydrates
c) protects against injury and predators
d) transports water and nutrients.
Answer c
What is secondary growth?
a) growth that occurs from the tip of the stem and roots
b) growth of the leaves
c) growth along the sides of roots and stems
d) growth of the plant over time
Answer c
If a small plant is growing next to a larger plant that is blocking sunlight and stealing nutrients from the soil, what might the small plant do?
- The small plant, to get more sunlight, could try to grow taller or grow specialized stems like tendrils, vines, and stolons to position itself in a better position to get more sunlight.
- The small plant, to get more nutrients from the soil, could grow its roots longer and farther away from the larger plant to get more nutrients from a different area using primary growth.
Explain the pros and cons of asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.
- Pros of asexual reproduction: time efficiency, using less energy, not having to look for a mate, and being able to use the seedlings to benefit itself.
- Cons of asexual reproduction: There is no variation.
- Pros of sexual reproduction: there is a lot of variation; every seedling is unique; the organism is more protected.
- Cons of sexual reproduction: it takes a lot of time and uses up a lot of energy.
In plants, the phloem is a tissue that…
a) has dead tubular cells
b) transports foods made during photosynthesis
c) is only part of stems and roots
d) transports water from roots and shoots
e) all of the above
b
The phloem transports sugars up and down the plants.
Which of these statements about vascular plants are false?
a) Most vascular plants have true roots, leaves and stems
b) All vascular plants reproduce using seeds
c) Xylem and Phloem are the vascular tissue present in these plants
d) Vascular plants are more diverse than non-vascular plants
e) All vascular plants make up the majority of terrestrial plants
b
Vascular plants reproduce by budding, branching and producing spores or seeds etc
Which layer of the leaf is the most important during photosynthesis?
a) The mesophyll layer
b) The spongy layer
c) The palisade layer
d) The stomata
e) Upper epidermis
a
Because the mesophyll layer has stomata that let the carbon dioxide diffuse in and let oxygen out
Name and describe one similarity and one difference of the vascular system of plants and the circulatory system of humans.
One similarity is that both systems main purpose is to transport essential substances around the organism that provide the movement of vital components necessary for life.
One difference is that the circulatory system uses the heart which is a pump to transport nutrients around the body and the vascular system uses xylem and phloem to transport nutrients without a pump.
How are toxic or foul-tasting compounds benefit a plant, and how are these compounds beneficial or dangerous to humans?
- foul tasting compounds protect plants from animals and humans
- these compounds can help humans to make medicine
- these are dangerous to humans because the toxic compounds can be poisonous or harmful to the human body.
