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IPA flash cards > Unit 2 high yield IPA > Flashcards

Unit 2 high yield IPA Flashcards

1
Q

Normal weber test results vs abnormal

A

Normal: Sound in both ears equally.
Conductive: Sound lateralizes to affected ear
Sensorineural loss: Sound lateralizes to normal ear (decreased nerve function in affected ear)

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2
Q

Normal Rinne test

A

AC> BC (This is positive, which is normal )
BC>AC =negative Rinne test (always abnormal)

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3
Q

Common causes of conductive hearing loss

A

Wax impaction (cerumen)
Otitis Media (fluid in middle ear space)
Ostosclerosis
TM perforation

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4
Q

What does otitis media usually come with

A

Often comes with URI

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5
Q

Signs of acute otitis media

A
  • Bulging TM (most specific)
  • Loss of Light Reflex
  • Ear Pain, Fever, Hearing loss
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6
Q

If you have Cholestorol deposits in eyelids that are bilateral and in yellow-white plaques, what is this?

A

Xanthelasma

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7
Q

What is Chronic inflammation of the eyelid margins with scaling and crusting?

A

Blepharitis

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8
Q

What is the most common eyelid malignancy?

A

Basal Cell carcinoma (pearly, rolled borders)

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9
Q

Risk factors of Oral Cancer

A

Tobacco, Alcohol consumption, HPV infection

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10
Q

What are white or red patches on the tongue that can’t be scraped off known as?

A

Leukoplakia or erythroplakia

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11
Q

What is an eye concern accompanied by severe pain, decreased vision, mid-dialated pupil, and nausa/vommeting?

A

Acute angle-closure glaucoma

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12
Q

Which eye concern is accompanied by the feeling of something in your eye, light sensitivity, and people who wear contact lenses are at a greater risk of it?

A

Keratitis

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13
Q

What eye concern is accompanied by photophobia, deep eye pain, and a small pupil?

A

Uveitis- often autoimmune releated

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14
Q

High-risk features for foreign body in eye?

A

High-velosity, chemicals, occupation

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15
Q

On fundoscopic exam, if you see blurred disc margins, vessel obscuration, hemmorhages around the disc, and Increased ICP, what is this called?

A

Papilledema-
Characterized by swelling of the optic disc, increased ICP.

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16
Q

You see fluid buildup in the ear. What is this called if there is vs isnt an infection accompanying it?

A

Otitis media if it is infection
Middle ear Effusion without infection

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17
Q

Your patient has chronic granulomatous inflammation of meibomian gland, with a firm nontender nodule. What do they have?

A

Chalazion

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18
Q

What is an acute infection of the eyelid gland with painful, red swelling?

A

Hordeolum (stye)

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19
Q

Describe a geographic tongue and its condition

A

Benign condition, irregular red patches, sensitive to spicy foods

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20
Q

Describe a black hairy tongue

A

Elongated papillae, dark discoloration, often from oral hygiene, can be caused by antibiotics

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21
Q

Which type of tongue disorder can be caused by antibiotics

A

black hairy tongue

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22
Q

Difference between thrush and leukoplakia on the tongue

A

Thrush can be scraped off, leukoplakia can’t be scraped off

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23
Q

You have a patient who wears contact lenses and is complaining about eye pain. Which disorder are you most concerned about

A

Keratitis (inflammation of cornea, most common cause of corneal blindness)

24
Q

If you have a corneal abrasion, what type of test do you have a positive result for?

A

The positive flourescein test.

25
Q

If you have pain in your tragus, is this otitis externa or otitis media

A

Otitis externa has pain in tragus

26
Q

Most common bacteria to cause otitis externa

A

psudomoneas argerunosa

27
Q

Allergic vs infectious rhinitis

A

Allergic: Clear nose, sneezing fits, eye and nose itching, response to antihistamines
Infectious: Colored discharge, acute onset, systemic systems

28
Q

If you have a patient who has flashing lights and floaters, accompanied by curtain-like vision loss, with no pain, what do they most likely have?

A

Retinal detachment- treat as emergency

29
Q

If your patient has a sudden, painless loss of vision that comes on randomy, and has a cherry-red spot on fundoscopic examination, what is likely occuring?

A

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

30
Q

What is near vision that decreases progressively over time as we age called?

A

Presbyopia

31
Q

Common causes of tinnitus?

A

Noise-induced (go to a very loud concert, etc)., Age-related hearing loss, medication-induced (asprin, antibiotics), Wax impaction

32
Q

How many centemeters above the right atrium is the angle of louis

A

5cm (that’s what we add for JVP)

33
Q

Common causes of thyroid gland enlargement

A

Grave’s disease- enlarged thyroid (hyperthyroid)
- Hashimotis diesase (hypothyroid)

34
Q

If you have firm, non-tender and fixed lymph nodes, what is this indicative of?

A

Malignancy and granulomatous infection

35
Q

If you have rubbery-feeling lymph nodes, what is this indicative of?

A

lymphoma

36
Q

Which CN tests visual acuity

A

CN 2 (optic)

37
Q

Which nerves innervate the extra ocular muscles

A

CN 3, 4, and 6

38
Q

Where do you see a light in the corneal light reflex?

A

Should see reflection slightly nasal to center of pupils
- Tests for esotropia vs exotropia

39
Q

Which eye muscle and nerve move the eye laterally?

A

Lateral rectus moves it laterally, innervated by CN 6 (abducens)

40
Q

Which eye muscle and nerve move the eye down/rotate internally?

A

Superior oblique moves eye down when adducted, and rotates internally. Innervated by CN 4 (trochlear)

41
Q

Which eye muscle/nerve move the eye upwards and inwards

A

CN 3 (occulomotor)
Inferior oblique moves up, medial rectus moves in.

42
Q

Hypertropia vs hypotropia

A

A deviation upward vs a deviation downward

43
Q

Describe how Amblyopia develops

A

Strabismus ( one eye turned abnormally in a direction) leads to diplopia (double images), which leads to confusion, so the brain suppresses the image which leads to a lazy eye (amblyopia). The brain shuts off that area so they eye is no longer receiving input.

44
Q

What is double vision called and what disorder is it related to in children?

A

Diplopia is double images, and related to amblyopia (lazy eye) development

45
Q

What part of the eye is implicated in a cataract?

A

Lens has no more clarity, clouding that causes vision loss

46
Q

What kind of temporary blindness can occur after an eye exam?

A

Amaurosis Fugax- lack of blood flow to retina b/c of eye exam

47
Q

What is the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in the USA?

A

Open-angle glaucoma- gradual loss of vision in peripheral fieds, retinal exam shows increasing size of optic cup

48
Q

What are the 5 different types of red eyes, and which is the most severe?

A

Conjunctivitis- little pain, treatable.

Subconjnctival hemorrhage- looks very scary, not very significant.

Corneal infection- Moderate to servere pain, decreased vision, but treateble

Acute iritis- Decreased vision, deep aching pain. Refer to urgent care.

Acute Angle closure Glaucoma- Immediate emergent refferal, decreased vision and severe, deep pain.

49
Q

Which nerve is impacted in sensorineural hearing loss

A

CN 8 ( Vestibulochochlear)

50
Q

If you have a patient complaining of hearing loss and they are speaking REALLY loud, is this likely conductive or sensorineural?

A

Sensorineural hearing loss- hear less by AC and BC, and speak louder.

51
Q

If you have a patient complaining of hearing loss and they are speaking REALLY quiet, is this likely conductive or sensorineural?

A

Conductive- they hear their own voices well, and think their voice is loud, so they talk quieter,.

52
Q

Which nerve is impaired if your patient comes to you noticing she can’t smell anything?

A

CN 1- olfactory

53
Q

Halitosis vs Xerostomia?

A

Bad breath vs dry mouth

54
Q

Where do the vocal cords attach in terms of cartilage?

A

Arytenoid cartilage

55
Q

Which cranial nerve is dysfuncitoning if the patients’ tongue is not bilateral, but to one side?

A

CN 12.

56
Q
A

IPA flash cards (4 decks)

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