IPA Neuro Exam

Question 1

Nerves vs ganglia

Answer 1

Nerves are bundles of peripheral axons
Ganglia are clusters of peripheral neuronal cell bodies

Question 2

What do motor endings of neurons do

Answer 2

Innervate effectors (muscle fibers and glands)

Question 3

What is Praxis

Answer 3

ability to perform a motor activity

Question 4

What is apraxia

Answer 4

inability to perform a voluntary movement in the absence of deficits (motor strength, sensation, coordination)

Question 5

What is dyspraxia

Answer 5

Decreased ability to perform an activity

Question 6

What is constructional apraxia

Answer 6

unable to construct or draw a simple shape or design

Question 7

What is paresis

Answer 7

impaired strength or weakness

Question 8

What is hemiparesis

Answer 8

weakness of one half of the body

Question 9

What is plegia

Answer 9

absent strength

Question 10

Contrast hemiplegia, paraplegia, and quadraplegia

Answer 10

Hemiplegia- paralysis of 1/2 of body
Paraplegia- Paralysis of lower extremities
Quadriplegia- paralysis of all extremities

Question 11

What does a continuous headache suggest

Answer 11

muscle spasm

Question 12

What does a recurrent headache suggest

Answer 12

migrane or cluster headache

Question 13

What does a throbbing headache suggest

Answer 13

vascular concerns

Question 14

How do we classify a petit mal seizure

Answer 14

Absent seizures, loss of consciousness around 10 seconds

Question 15

How do we classify a grand mal seizure

Answer 15

Tonic-clonic seizure with convlusions

Question 16

How do we classify a myoclonic seizure

Answer 16

contractions of face and upper extremities, no loss of consciousness

Question 17

What is ataxia

Answer 17

persistant unsteadiness while standing

Question 18

What are the two changes of consciousness

Answer 18

Confusion- disturbed processing of information
Delirium- percieves information abnormally

Question 19

What are the 2 types of dysphasia

Answer 19

Expressive (nonfluent or Broca’s aphasia)- Labored speech pattern, poor articulation, unaltered comprehension (Able to think, cant speak)

Receptive (fluent or Wernicke’s aphasia)- Speak fine but do not make any sense at all when speaking (cognition is impaired). Also have difficulty understanding what other people are saying

Question 20

Most common cause of dementia

Answer 20

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 21

Causes of CVA/Stroke by percentage

Answer 21

Thromboembolic (80% clot. Usually from DVT that goes to brain)
Hemorrhagic (20%- Hypertension is top cause)
Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)- short episodes of neurological dysfunctions- Small bleeds or small clots that cause temporary deficits

Question 22

What are the 4 basic questions for neurology complaints

Answer 22

1. What is the problem
2. Where is the lesion
3. What caused the lesion
4. What do we do about it?

Question 23

When do you develop a thunderclap headache

Answer 23

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 24

Confusion vs delirium

Answer 24

Confusion- disturbed processing of info
Dilerium- percieves information abnormally

Question 25

What does a parkinson's disease tremor present as

Answer 25

Tremor present at rest, decreased with action, 3-6 cycles per second, increased with anxiety

Question 26

What does Intentional/essential tremor present as

Answer 26

slow, 2-4 cycles per second, increases or worsens with movement

Question 27

What type of tremor is huntington's disease tremor

Answer 27

Chorea- involuntary jerky motions

Question 28

Theres no pain like "" pain

Answer 28

Ischemic pain

Question 29

Which CN's control pupilary size

Answer 29

2 and 3

Question 30

Which Cranial nerves are parasympathetic

Answer 30

3, 7, 9,10

Question 31

Which Cranial nerves are Sensory/Motor/Both?

Answer 31

Some Say Money Matters But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More (S= sensory, M=motor, B=both, 1-12 nerves)

Question 32

Which nerve moves Lateral Rectus

Answer 32

CN 6

Question 33

Which nerve moves Superior Oblique

Answer 33

CN 4

Question 34

Which nerve innervates everything but 6 and 4

Answer 34

CN 3

Question 35

What part of the tongue does the facial nerve innervate sensorily

Answer 35

Anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Question 36

What is the sensory function of the glosopharyngeal nerve

Answer 36

posterior 1/3 of tongue

Question 37

Glosopharyngeal function in pharynx

Answer 37

elevats pharynx during swallowing

Question 38

If the uvula is pulled to the left, which CN 9 side is not working

Answer 38

On the right side it has a lesion/isnt working

Question 39

Why does a vasovagal response make you pass out

Answer 39

Decreases heart rate, BP, and breathing rate

Question 40

Which nerve innervates the tongue for motor innervation

Answer 40

Hypoglossal

Question 41

If CN 12 is dysfunctional on the right, which side does the tongue deviate to

Answer 41

To the right

Question 42

What are the 3 things you look for in muscles

Answer 42

atrophy symmetry fasiculations

Question 43

Which dermatome is C6

Answer 43

thumb

Question 44

Which dermatome is c7

Answer 44

middle finger

Question 45

Which dermatome is C8

Answer 45

tip of little finger

Question 46

Which dermatome is T4

Answer 46

Nipples

Question 47

Which dermatome is T10

Answer 47

umbilicus

Question 48

Which dermatome is L4

Answer 48

medial calves

Question 49

Which dermatome is L5

Answer 49

big toe

Question 50

Which dermatome is S1

Answer 50

Little toes

Question 51

What is an MSK emergency with L4-S1?

Answer 51

Cauda equina

Question 52

If a patient can't differentiate between sharp vs dull, what abnormality could be occurring

Answer 52

Possible abnormality of spinothalamic tract

Question 53

What is normal 2-point discrimination on tongue, finger tips, toes, palms, and back?

Answer 53

Tongue:1mm Finger tips:2mm Toes:3-8mm Palms: 8-12mm Back:40-60mm