IPA Neuro Exam Flashcards
Nerves vs ganglia
Nerves are bundles of peripheral axons
Ganglia are clusters of peripheral neuronal cell bodies
What do motor endings of neurons do
Innervate effectors (muscle fibers and glands)
What is Praxis
ability to perform a motor activity
What is apraxia
inability to perform a voluntary movement in the absence of deficits (motor strength, sensation, coordination)
What is dyspraxia
Decreased ability to perform an activity
What is constructional apraxia
unable to construct or draw a simple shape or design
What is paresis
impaired strength or weakness
What is hemiparesis
weakness of one half of the body
What is plegia
absent strength
Contrast hemiplegia, paraplegia, and quadraplegia
Hemiplegia- paralysis of 1/2 of body
Paraplegia- Paralysis of lower extremities
Quadriplegia- paralysis of all extremities
What does a continuous headache suggest
muscle spasm
What does a recurrent headache suggest
migrane or cluster headache
What does a throbbing headache suggest
vascular concerns
How do we classify a petit mal seizure
Absent seizures, loss of consciousness around 10 seconds
How do we classify a grand mal seizure
Tonic-clonic seizure with convlusions
How do we classify a myoclonic seizure
contractions of face and upper extremities, no loss of consciousness
What is ataxia
persistant unsteadiness while standing
What are the two changes of consciousness
Confusion- disturbed processing of information
Delirium- percieves information abnormally
What are the 2 types of dysphasia
Expressive (nonfluent or Broca’s aphasia)- Labored speech pattern, poor articulation, unaltered comprehension (Able to think, cant speak)
Receptive (fluent or Wernicke’s aphasia)- Speak fine but do not make any sense at all when speaking (cognition is impaired). Also have difficulty understanding what other people are saying
Most common cause of dementia
Alzheimer’s disease
Causes of CVA/Stroke by percentage
Thromboembolic (80% clot. Usually from DVT that goes to brain)
Hemorrhagic (20%- Hypertension is top cause)
Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)- short episodes of neurological dysfunctions- Small bleeds or small clots that cause temporary deficits
What are the 4 basic questions for neurology complaints
- What is the problem
- Where is the lesion
- What caused the lesion
- What do we do about it?
When do you develop a thunderclap headache
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Confusion vs delirium
Confusion- disturbed processing of info
Dilerium- percieves information abnormally
What does a parkinson’s disease tremor present as
Tremor present at rest, decreased with action, 3-6 cycles per second, increased with anxiety
What does Intentional/essential tremor present as
slow, 2-4 cycles per second, increases or worsens with movement
What type of tremor is huntington’s disease tremor
Chorea- involuntary jerky motions
Theres no pain like “” pain
Ischemic pain
Which CN’s control pupilary size
2 and 3
Which Cranial nerves are parasympathetic
3, 7, 9,10
Which Cranial nerves are Sensory/Motor/Both?
Some Say Money Matters But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More
(S= sensory, M=motor, B=both, 1-12 nerves)
Which nerve moves Lateral Rectus
CN 6
Which nerve moves Superior Oblique
CN 4
Which nerve innervates everything but 6 and 4
CN 3
What part of the tongue does the facial nerve innervate sensorily
Anterior 2/3 of the tongue
What is the sensory function of the glosopharyngeal nerve
posterior 1/3 of tongue
Glosopharyngeal function in pharynx
elevats pharynx during swallowing
If the uvula is pulled to the left, which CN 9 side is not working
On the right side it has a lesion/isnt working
Why does a vasovagal response make you pass out
Decreases heart rate, BP, and breathing rate
Which nerve innervates the tongue for motor innervation
Hypoglossal
If CN 12 is dysfunctional on the right, which side does the tongue deviate to
To the right
What are the 3 things you look for in muscles
atrophy
symmetry
fasiculations
Which dermatome is C6
thumb
Which dermatome is c7
middle finger
Which dermatome is C8
tip of little finger
Which dermatome is T4
Nipples
Which dermatome is T10
umbilicus
Which dermatome is L4
medial calves
Which dermatome is L5
big toe
Which dermatome is S1
Little toes
What is an MSK emergency with L4-S1?
Cauda equina
If a patient can’t differentiate between sharp vs dull, what abnormality could be occurring
Possible abnormality of spinothalamic tract
What is normal 2-point discrimination on tongue, finger tips, toes, palms, and back?
Tongue:1mm
Finger tips:2mm
Toes:3-8mm
Palms: 8-12mm
Back:40-60mm
