Unit 2 - Esters, Fats and Oils Flashcards

1
Q

What are esters defined as

A

molecules that contain the ester link -COO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what two types of molecule make up an ester?

A

an alcohol and carboxcylic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the reaction called that forms an ester?

A

a condensation reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

condensation reaction

A

is where the two molecules join together with the elimination of a smaller molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

in a condensation reaction what is the small molecule that is eliminated?

A

water molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what catalyst is normally used to speed up the reaction?

A

concentrated sulphuric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a condensation reaction making an ester also known as

A

estrification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

explain what happens to the structure of the alcohol and carboxcyclic acid in a condensation reaction

A

the OH from the carboxyclic acid and the H from the OH in the alcohol break off to form a water molecule. The remaining parts join to form the ester link.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does the catalyst do other than speed up the reaction

A

it increases the yield of the ester produced.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the functional group of an ester.

A

O
=
R - C - O - R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

hydrolysis reaction

A

where a molecule is broken up using the elements of water, allowing it to be hydrolysosed back into the alcohol and carboxcylic acid it came from

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

example of when hydrolysis occurs naturally

A
  • Perfumes going off
  • Acetone hydrolysing into ethanoic acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the practical technique we can use to carry out hydrolysis

A

heating under reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why does water flow through the bottom in a condenser

A

this is because there are likely to be air pockets which will result in poor condesation if it enters from the top.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why are anti-bumping granules used?

A

becuase they are inert and help the mixure boil more smoothly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what catalysts can be used in this reaction?

A
  • Strong acid (H+ Ions) called acid hydroylsis.
  • Strong Alkali (OH- Ions) called alkali hydrolysis
17
Q

why is alkali hydrolysis better?

A

becuase it produces the alcohol and the salt of the carboxcyclic acid as the acid formed is immediately neutralised by the alkali.

18
Q

proply ethanoate + water —-(Sodium Hydroxide)—>

A

propanol + sodium ethanoate

19
Q

examples of uses for esters

A
  • nail varnish
  • perfumes
  • artificial fruit flavourings
20
Q

features of esters

A
  • volatile
  • low polarity
  • contain the ester link -COO
21
Q

what alcohol are the esters of fats and oils made from?

22
Q

what is the difference between fats and oils?

A

their state at room temperature: fats are solid oils are liquid.

23
Q

why are fats and oils so important for us?

A
  • Fats and oils are a concentrated source of energy .
  • Essential for the transport and storage of fat soluble vitamins in the body
24
Q

example of animal , plant and marine fats/oils

A

Lard, olive oil, fish oil

25
what can be used to test for unsaturation in fats and oils
bromine solution
26
what experimental procedure can be used to determine the degree of unsaturation in edible fats
titration of bromine water into the fat/oil
27