Unit 2 - Division & differentiation in human cells

Question 1

SOMATIC stem cells? (Division and description)

Answer 1

Divide by mitosis

All cells not to do with the reprodructive system

Question 2

GERMLINE stem cells? (Division and description)

Answer 2

Divide by mitosis and meosis
Gametes
Mitosis = more germline stem cells
Meosis = more haploid gametes

Question 3

Cellular differentiation?

Answer 3

Process by which a cell becomes more specialised by selective gene expression

Question 4

Selective gene expression?

Answer 4

Only a fraction of the genes remain switched on, so only those expressed produce specific protein characteristics

Question 5

EMBRYONIC stem cells?

Answer 5

From a very early embryo

All genes have potential to be switched on = cells can differentiate into any cell type = PLURIPOTENT

Question 6

TISSUE stem cells?

Answer 6

Found in tissue and bone marrow ( helps repair,growth)
Lots of genes switched off, so they can only differentiate into a limited number of cells related to tissue found in and blood cells = MULTIPOTENT

Question 7

THERAPEUTIC uses of stem cells?

Answer 7

Regeneration of damaged tissue and corneal repairs

Question 8

RESEARCH uses of stem cells?

Answer 8

Stem cells help us understand diseases,cell growth,differentiation and gene regulation

Question 9

Ethical issues of stem cells?

Answer 9

Embryos are destroyed for effective disease treatment

Question 10

Cancer cells?

Answer 10

Don’t respond to regulatory signals and divide excessively

Result in mass of cancer cells = tumor ( can spread to secondary tumor)