Unit 2 - Definitions

Question 1

Fredrick Griffith - 1928

Answer 1

Demonstrated that cells could be transformed (Transformation - uptake of genetic material from an external source resulting in new traits)

Question 2

Avery, MacLeod and McCarty - 1944

Answer 2

The first demonstration that DNA was the genetic material.

Question 3

Aaron Levene - 1910

Answer 3

DNA is made of repeating units called nucleotides.

Question 4

Albrecht Kossel - Late 1800s

Answer 4

Nucleic acid contains four nitrogenous bases: Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), and Thymine (T).

Question 5

Replicon

Answer 5

is any DNA molecule or a region of DNA that replicates from a single origin of replication.

Question 6

Leading strand

Answer 6

Synthesis is continuous and in direction of
the fork

Question 7

Lagging strand

Answer 7

Synthesis is discontinuous and occurs in
opposite direction of the fork.

Question 8

DNA replication

Answer 8

process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division

Question 9

Gene expression

Answer 9

The process of transcription and translation together

Question 10

RNAi

Answer 10

is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, by neutralizing targeted mRNA molecules

Question 11

codon

Answer 11

A codon is a DNA or RNA sequence of three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) that forms a unit of genomic information encoding a particular amino acid or signaling the termination of protein synthesis (stop signals). There are 64 different codons: 61 specify amino acids and 3 are used as stop signals.

Question 12

Translation

Answer 12

mRNA codons instruct the ribosome to incorporate
specific amino acids into a polypeptide

Question 13

transfer RNA or tRNA

Answer 13

• All tRNA’s from all organisms have a similar structure.
  -The amino acid attachment site is the same for ALL tRNA molecules.
  -Sequence is always 5’-CCA-3’

Question 14

Anticodon

Answer 14

reads the information in a mRNA sequence by base pairing with a codon.