Unit 2 Definitions Flashcards
Define Anisocytosis
- increased variation in cell size
Define Duffy coat
The fraction of anticoagulated blood containing WBCs & Plts
Define dyscrasia
An abnormal state of the body/body part.
Define erythropoietin (EPO)
Glycoprotein hormone (MW = 46,000 D) that stimulates erythropoiesis; produced mainly by kidneys in tissue hypoxia
Define Fanconi’s anemia
Congenital form of a plastic anemia; BM failure, physical abnormalities, organ defects, hypopigmentation (cafe-au-lait spots), & increased cancer risk
Define hypoplasia
Incomplete development of an organism/tissue; an inadequate or below-normal number cells of cells
Define hypoxia
A decrease of oxygen in the body tissues
Define lipemia
Elevated emulsified fats (lipids) in the blood
Define hemolyze
Destroyed RBC release Hgb into the plasma
Define hemolytic
Involving the rupture/destruction of RBCs
Define Iatrogenic
A condition induced by an illness/disorder caused by medical examination/treatment
Define hyperbilirubinemia
- also called icteric and icterus
- elevated bilirubin in plasma; bright to dark yellow of serum
Define macrocytosis
Increased large cells
Define microcytosis
Increased small cells
Define myelodysplastic syndrome
Immature blood cells fail to develop normally
Define normocytic/normochromic
Normal cell size
Define pancytopenia
Condition occurring when all 3 blood cell types are low (RBCs, WBCs, & platelets, usually due to problems with the BM; can be brought on by cancer and AI conditions like lupus
Define pernicious anemia
Type of megaloblastic anemia in which the body isn’t able to absorb vitamin B12 due to lack of intrinsic factor in stomach secretions
Define poikilocytosis
Increased variations in RBC shapes
Define polycythemia
In increase in RBCs in the circulatory systems
Define polycythemia Vera
A blood dyscrasia in which RBCs, WBCs, & Plts are all increased above normal
Define primary polycythemia
Inherent (genetic); caused by mutations in BM cells: blood thickens & clots; elevated RBCs + low levels of EPO
Define relative polycythemia
Increases in RBCs resulting from conditions not related to increased production of EPO
Define secondary polycythemia/erythrocytosis
- Increased RBCs in blood
- may be genetic
- some other conditions causing polycythemia, usually an excess of EPO by the kidneys
- can be caused by sleep apnea, lung/heart disease, or performance enhancing drugs; elevated RBCs + high levels of EPO
