Unit 2 Definitions

Question 1

aerobic glycolysis

Answer 1

slow metabolic breakdown of glucose to pyruvate to Acetyl Coa which enters the Citric Acid Cycle and electron transport. Oxygen needed for this process of making energy.(cabohydrate breakdown that is a relatively slow process resulting in substantial ATP formation.)

Question 2

Anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 2

rapid metabolic breakdown of glucose into lactate, no oxygen needed for this process of making energy.(Breakdown of carbohydrate results in lactate formation which represents a rapid but limited ATP production.)

Question 3

B - oxidation

Answer 3

Breaking down of fatty acid into acyto coa

Question 4

coenzyme

Answer 4

complex nonprotein substrate that facilitates enzymes action by binding substrate with its specific enzyme

Question 5

coupled reactions

Answer 5

occurs in pairs, breaking down of one compound provides energy for building another

Question 6

entropy

Answer 6

the tendency of potential energy to convert to kinetic energy of motion with a lower capacity for work.

Question 7

enzyme

Answer 7

specific large protein catalyst, accelerates the forward and reverse rate of chemical reactions within the body without being consumed or changed in reactions

Question 8

oxidative reaction

Answer 8

(donating electrons) molecule gives up an electron.

Question 9

reduction reaction

Answer 9

(accepting electrons) molecule accepts electrons from an electron donor

Question 10

alactacid oxygen debt

Answer 10

restores the interamuscular high energy phosphagens depleted towards the end of exercise.

Question 11

blood lactate threshold

Answer 11

(onset of blood lactate accumulation) point of abrupt increase in blood lactate accumulation.

Question 12

EPOC

Answer 12

excess post-exercise oxygen consumption - excessive oxygen uptake compared to the resting level in recovery.

Question 13

lactacid oxygen debt

Answer 13

reconversion of lactate to liver glycogen with some going through the citric aside cycle

Question 14

maximal oxygen uptake

Answer 14

highest oxygen uptake achieved despite increases in exercise intensity

Question 15

steady-rate

Answer 15

balance between energy required by the body and the rate of Aerobic ATP production.

Question 16

direct calorimetry

Answer 16

assessment of human energy metabolism by measuring heat production

Question 17

indirect calorimetry

Answer 17

a measurement of a person’s oxygen uptake where we can obtain an estimated energy expenditure

Question 18

respiratory exchange ratio

Answer 18

ratio of carbon dioxide exhaled to oxygen consumed when CO2 and O2 exchange doesn’t reflect food oxidation.

Question 19

respiratory quotient

Answer 19

RQ - ratio of volume of carbon dioxide produced to volume of oxygen consumed

Question 20

basal metabolic rate

Answer 20

A test that measurement of oxygen uptake while note eating food for 12 hr before measurement, no exercise for 12 hr before measurement, and measured after person rests lying down for 30-60 min in dimly lit and temperature controlled room.

Question 21

dietary induced thermogenesis

Answer 21

thermic effect from processes of digesting, absorbing and assimilating nutrients

Question 22

mechanical efficiency

Answer 22

indicates the percentage of the total chemical energy expended that contributes to the external work output. (work output/energy input)

Question 23

MET

Answer 23

a measure of activity intensity and represents an average person’s resting metabolism or VO2

Question 24

glycogenolysis

Answer 24

a metabolic process where glycogen is broken down into glucose

Question 25

lipolysis

Answer 25

is the breakdown of lipids and involves hydrolysis of triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids.