Better Unit 3 Definitions Flashcards
Hypernea
increased pulmonary ventilation to match oxygen needs.
FEV1/FVC
A test that measures the % of FVC expelled in one second. #[fev1/fvc]#
Hyperventilation
Increase in pulmonary ventilation that exceeds the oxygen needs of metabolism.
Partial Pressure
Pressure exerted by an individual gas where it be oxygen or carbon dioxide.
Minute Ventilation
Volume of air breathed each minute.
FVC
Forced Vital Capacity - Total air volume moved in one breath from full inspiration to maximum expiration
OBLA
The level of exercise intensity or oxygen uptake at which blood lactate begins to rise above a 4.0 mM/L baseline
Mechanoreceptor
Peripheral receptor that responds to movement, distortion, or mechanical pressure.
Ventillatory Threshold
The exercise intensity at which pulmonary ventilation increases disproportionately with oxygen uptake during graded exercise testing.
Chemoreceptor
Any cell that responds to a change in chemical millieu with a nerve impulse
Hemoglobin
Iron-containing respiratory protein of red blood cells which transports oxygen from lungs to tissues.
Carbonic Acid
Acid which is formed from CO2 and H2O (H2CO3)
Bicarbonate
The ionized form of carbonic acid which carries the major portion of CO2 (HCO3-)
Myoglobin
Iron-containing protein compound in skeletal and cardiac muscle that combines reversibly with oxygen.
Anatomical Dead Space
The air that fills the nose, mouth, trachea, and other portions of the respiratory tract that don’t engage in gas exchange with blood.
Physiologic Dead Space
The portion of the alveolar volume with poor tissue regional perfusion or inadequate ventilation.
Afterload
pressure required to open the aortic semilunar valve
Angina pectoris
Acute chest pain, occurs from an imbalance between the oxygen demands of the heart and it’s oxygen supply.
Bradycardia
Vagus nerve stimulates the heart via the parasympathetic nervous system hormones acetylcholine which decreases heart rate.
Catecholamines
These hormones increase myocardial contractility and accelerate SA Node depolarization.
Preload
Increased diastolic filling before systole occurs through any factor that increases venous return.
Tachycardia
Catecholamine neural hormones increase myocardial contractility and accelerate SA node depolarization to increase heart rate.
Rate pressure product
An index of relative cardiac work. Reflects directly measured myocardial oxygen uptake and coronary blood flow in healthy subjects over a range of exercise intensities.
Concentric Hypertrophy
Increased size of the left ventricular cavity specifically the thickening of it’s walls from long-term aerobic training.
Eccentric Hypertrophy
Increasing the size of the left ventricular cavity due to long-term aerobic training.
Heart rate reserve
Calculation of the lower and upper threshold HR levels at a percentage of the difference between resting and maximum HR
