Ch. 2 Nutrition & Energy

Question 0

What 3 macronutrients that are consumed daily supply the body with energy to maintain bodily functions during rest and physical activities?

Answer 0

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protein

Question 1

Macronutrients

Answer 1

They are energy/fuel for the body and the building blocks for tissue synthesis

Question 2

The macronutrients purpose in the body is too…

Answer 2

Help maintain and enhance the organism’s structural and functional integrity with exercise

Question 3

T/F

All living cells contain carbohydrates

Answer 3

Tru

Question 4

Plant sources provide all of the dietary carbohydrates but what 2 exceptions?

Answer 4

Lactose and small amount of glycogen

Each obtained in animal tissues

Question 5

What atoms combine to form a carbohydrate and what is the ratio?

Answer 5

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Always in a ratio of 1 carbon atom
2 hydrogen atoms for each oxygen atom

Question 6

What is another name for a carbohydrate and what formula represents a simple carcohydrate?

Answer 6

Sugar molecule

CH2On

Question 7

What does n equal and ranges from?

Answer 7

Represents the # of carbons in the carbohydrate and it ranges from 3-7 carbon atoms

Question 8

What forms the basic unit of a carbohydrate?

Answer 8

Monosaccharide

Question 9

What determines a carbohydrates category?

Answer 9

The molecules # of carbon atoms

Question 10

The Greek name for this number(number of carbon atoms in a carbohydrate), ending with “______” indicates _______.

Answer 10

“Ose”

Sugars

Question 11

Names for the monosaccharides by number:

3-7

Answer 11

3=tri
4=tetr
5=pent
6=hex
7=hept
*all ending with "ose"

Question 12

What three monosaccharides represent the nutritionally important monos??

Answer 12

The hexose sugars:
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

Question 13

Names for glucose and its molecule name and pieces?

Answer 13

Dextrose or blood sugar

C6H12O6

Question 14

How does glucose form?

It occurs where?

Answer 14

Forms when energy from the sunlight interacts with water, carbon dioxide, and the green pigment chlorophyl.
Occurs naturally in food OR produced through the digestion (hydrolysis) of more complex carbohydrates.

Question 15

What are the functions of glucose?

Answer 15

After absorption by small intestine, glucose fx…

1. Used directly by cell for energy
2. Stored as glycogen in muscle and liver
3. Converted to fats for energy storage
4. Provide skeletons to synthesize non-essential amino acids

Question 16

Fruits & honey are the main source of _____. Other names include?

Answer 16

Fructose

Levulose OR fruit sugar

Question 17

What is the sweetest of the monosaccharides?

Answer 17

Fructose

Question 18

One function of fructose?

Answer 18

Small intestine absorbs some fructose directly into blood, and liver converts it to glucose. What are the functions of glucose again??

Question 19

T/F

Galactose does exist freely in nature.

Answer 19

False, it forms milk sugar (lactose) in the mammary glands of lactating animals

Question 20

Functions of galactose?

Answer 20

1. Forms lactose (milk sugar) in mammary glands of lactating animals
2. In the body, freely converts to glucose for energy metabolism
   * this doesn’t occur freely in nature.

Question 21

Main emphasis with monosaccharides?

Answer 21

Everything so far converts into glucose at some point. Get glucose’s functions down.

Question 22

What is a disaccharide or double sugar?

Answer 22

Combination of 2 monosaccharide molecules

Question 23

What molecules make up the simple sugars group?

Answer 23

Monosaccharides and disaccharides

Question 24

What is the principle component of disaccharides?

Answer 24

Each contain glucose as a principle component.

Question 25

Sucrose=?

What makes sucrose

Answer 25

Glucose + fructose

Found in beet sugars, cane sugars, brown sugars, maple syrup, and honey

Question 26

What is the most common dietary disaccharide?

What is its chemical name?

Answer 26

Sucrose

C12H22O11

Question 27

Lactose=?
What makes lactose
Found where?

Answer 27

Glucose + galactose

Found in milk

Question 28

Maltose=?

What makes maltose

Answer 28

Glucose + glucose

Found in beer cereal, germinating seeds

Question 29

What are the plant polysaccharides?

Answer 29

Starch and fiber

Question 30

What is the storage form of a polysaccharide?

Answer 30

Starch

It appears as small granules of sugar molecules joined together

Question 31

Complex carbohydrate is another name for?

Answer 31

Starch

Question 32

Fiber is classified as a non starch and includes what other molecule in its structure?

Answer 32

Cellulose

Question 33

Fiber is found exclusively where?

Answer 33

In fruits, vegetables, seeds, roots

Question 34

Animal polysaccharides have three different process that they deal with, what are they??

Answer 34

Glucogenesis
Glycogenolysis
Gluconeogenesis

Question 35

Glucogenesis

Answer 35

Hundreds of glucose molecules combine to form glycogen which is a storage polysaccharide stored in the liver and muscles.

Question 36

The large storage polysaccharide that is stored in the liver and muscles is called?

Answer 36

Glycogen

Question 37

Hundreds of glucose molecules combine to form _________. What process is this in the body and why dies it happen?

Answer 37

Glycogen

Glucogenesis, body combines and stores the extra glucose so it can be used later.

Question 38

_______ _______ serves as the major source of carbohydrate energy for active muscles during exercise.

Answer 38

Muscle glycogen