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Psychology > Unit 2: criminal behaviour > Flashcards

Unit 2: criminal behaviour Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a criminal act?

A

an behvoiur that breaks the alw. some say it has so be intentional

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2
Q

what affects what counts as crimina behaviour?

A

time- things become mre acceptable over time ( homesexuality)
cultue- some thngs are acceptable in some plaves but not in others (euthanasia in netherlands is okay but not in the uk)

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3
Q

what are 3 problems with crime satistics?

A

they only count the number of crimal acts not the no. of criminals
peope may not be aware a crime has been commited so wont report it
victims dont always want to come forward

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4
Q

whats is meant by the term criminal personality?

A

a collection of traits that makes a person differnet to normal law abiding people

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5
Q

what are the characteristcs of a persons behaviour/personality if they are a criminal?

A 
impulsiveness
lack of gulit
pleasure seeking
over optimistic
self importaince
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6
Q

how can you rember the criminal personality traits?

A

Imps’ gulity pleasure is pouring milk over themselfves

impulisive, no guilt, pleasure seeking, over optimisic, self importiance

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7
Q

whats the core theory?

A

the biological theory?

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8
Q

what side of the nature nurture debate was the biological theory on?

A

nature

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9
Q

define the term heritabilty

A

the proportion of behaviour that is due to genetics

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10
Q

what does the biological theory argue?

A

that criminal behavoiur is inherited and is preprogramed into dna. they say criminals run in famiies due to genetics/dna

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11
Q

what does the biological theory say about criminal behavoir in families/

A

if someones parents are covicted criminal they their child has a higher chance of being one too.

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12
Q

whats brian dysfuction linked to criminal behavour/ the theory?

A

the idea that the brain is not operating as normal brains do. criminal behavoiur is seen as abnormal, the bio theory suggests criminal braisn are dysfuctional

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13
Q

what are the 4 types of the brain which are said to be affected/ dysfuctional in criminals?

A

pre frontal cortex
limbic system
corpus callosum
temporal lobe

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14
Q

in criminals is the prefrontal cortex under or over active?

A

under active

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15
Q

what does the prefrontal cortex control in the brain?

A

the association between fear and antisocial behaviour

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16
Q

is the limbic system over or under active in criminals?

A

over

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17
Q

wha does the limbic system control in the brain?

A

aggressive and sexual behavoiur

the amygdala is in the limbic syetem too and it is not working properyly in criminals

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18
Q

is the corpus callusum over or over active in criminlas

A

its less active thus the irrational side can take over

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19
Q

what does the corpus callosum do in the brain?

A

the bridge between the tow hemispheres. allows the artional and irrational sides of the brain to communicate

20
Q

is the temporal lobe over or under active in criminals?

A

slower, under active thus criminlas are agressiveand missunderstood

21
Q

what does the temporal lobe do in the brain?

A

language, learning, emotion, memory

22
Q

define facial features?

A

features which make up the face, such as forhead, eyes, mouth, nose and chin

23
Q

what facial features have been associated with criminals?

A 
asymmetrical faces
low sloping forhead
glassy eyes
high cheekbones
large handle ears
fleshy lips
srtong jaws
prominet jaws
lots of hair
24
Q

whats the theory behind facial features of criminals?

A

if there is a gene for criminal benhaviour then it could affect appearance also.

25
Q

what are the 3 criticisms of the boilogical thoery?

A

there cannot be only one gene for all criminals
brian dysfuction not evident in all
facial features of criminals not supported well
ignored social envoronment infulence

26
Q

explain the core theory criticism that says there is only one gene for all criminals

A

crtics argue there cannot be only one criminal geen that account for all criinas. there is so mnay diverse crimes, how can the same geen be responsibe for vielone, interlectual and sexual crime? its the same with cukture crime isues just becuame they ahve dotn something thats illegal in the uk but not elsewhere does not mean their genetics have changed

27
Q

expand on the core theory crisisicm that says brain dysfuction is not present in all

A

as the brain dysfuctions are not present in all criminals it is not very reliable . these brains dysfuctions could also be caused by birth issues, illnes or other enronmental issues

28
Q

expand on the core theor criticsm that says facial features of criminals not supported

A

the idea of criminla having differnt features is not well supported and even if they do look differnet this could be due to things other than genetics.
society may prejustic against certain looks and this is why these people turn to crime get arrested or sent to prison

29
Q

expland on the core theory crisicism that sayd the biolgical theory ignores social infulence

A

crime running in families could be explained by the theory that children learn form parents and others and thus continues through generations

30
Q

whats the name of the altenative theory

A

social learning theory

31
Q

what does the social learning theory say about criminal beahvoir?

A

behavoiurs are learnt from observing and imitating others

32
Q

how does the slt explain criminal behaviour?

A

if a child observes/sees an older brother who they look up to (role model) they may be motivated to copy them. we dont always copy but but if we see them get rewarded are more likey to copy.

33
Q

defien the term vicarious reinforcement

A

when someone behaviour is reinforced because they observe how annother person is rewarded for theiry same behaviour
you are not directly reinforced but you see it happen to someone else
if is do that then i will be rewarded too!

34
Q

who did the core study?

A

mednick

35
Q

what was the aim of the core study/ mednick?

A

too see if a persons behaviour is more to do with naure or nurture by comaring children with biological and adoptive parents

36
Q

what was mednicks prediction for the core study?

A

an adpoted person behaviour should be similar to their biolgical parens due to inherited genes
if its nurture then a person behaviour should be similar to their adoptive parents who have brought them up.

37
Q

what was the procedure of the core study/medicks?

A

done in denmark

accesed criminal records of over 14000 males and compared them with their biological and adoptive parents

38
Q

what did the result show in terms of biological parents being convicted of crimes and children too.

A

they were nearly twice as likey to commit crimes them selves than adoptees whos biological parents had not been conviced of a crime. similary even when an adoptive parent had not been this had less influece on the adopte children than the bio parents commiting a crime did 14.7% versus 20%

39
Q

core study

biological parents conviced of crime and adoptive parenst convicted too = …%

A

24.5%

40
Q

core study

biological parents conviced of a crime but adoptive parents not=….%

A

20%

41
Q

core study

biological parents no crimes and adoptive parents conviced of crimes=…%

A

14.7%

42
Q

core study

biological parents not criminals and adoptive parents not criminals too= ….%

A

13.5%

43
Q

core study

what did the results show about parents with 3 or more conviction?

A

if a biological parent had more than three convictions they were more likely to produce a son who also commited a crime compared to biological parents with no convictions

44
Q

core study

what did the results say about the role of genetic factors and siblings?

A

if unrelated siblings were raised in the same adoptive family only 8% of them both commited a crime. this shwed the effect of the adoptive family was weak because if related siblings were raised in differnet adoptive families then 20% of them both commited crimes

45
Q

core study

what does the results show/say about gentics and siblings and crimes?

A

if siblings were raised in different environments but had a biological father conviced of a crime, then 30% of them would bothh commit a crime . this shows their gentic pre-disposition towards crime was unafected by the adoptive families/parents they were brought up by

46
Q

core study

what did mednick conclude?

A

that there is a strong gentic component in criminal behaviour. they did not rule out the environment. this is why adoptees with both criminal biologial and adoptive parents had the highest chance of being criminals them selves. the effect of genes was added to the effect of genes

Psychology (11 decks)

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