Memory

Question 0

What is information processing

Answer 0

The idea that information is processed through a number of stages

Question 1

5 stages of information processing

In England sheep rob otters

Answer 1

Input
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval 
Output

Question 2

What is an input

Answer 2

Information entering form the environment

Eg.seneses or a visual visited

Question 3

What is encoding

Answer 3

Putting info into a format

Eg. 2D into 3d

Question 4

What is storage?

Answer 4

How info is filed away

Eg.saving a file or saving things for later

Question 5

What is input

Answer 5

Last stage

Eg. A thought, writing, talking ect…

Question 6

What is retrieval?

Answer 6

Info stored in a place ready to be accessed later

Question 7

What is accessibility ?

Answer 7

a problem that occurs when we cannot access information
You know it is there but you want get it
“On the tip of my tounge”

Question 8

What is availability?

Answer 8

A problem that happens when the information is no longer there any more and is gone
It has been displaced and is not available to find.
Usually happens as we don’t use it enough as there is not much room so it is displaced

Question 9

Short term memory STM
What’s the capacity
And what happens to info

Answer 9

Limited capacity 5-9things and a duration if 20-30 secs

Info decays if not rehearsed

Question 10

Core theory memory stores: what is the sensory store?

Answer 10

All immediate info is briefly held here and only sent to STM is attention is paid
Input is environment

Question 11

Long term memory

What happens here

Answer 11

It gets here through Rehearsal and Is perminately stored there
Unlimited duration and capacity
Never displaced or decayed

Question 12

What is decay

Answer 12

Fading of Info over time till it’s forgotten

Question 13

What is displacement

Answer 13

A process where info is punched out when it’s not used enough

Question 14

What does levels of processing say?

Answer 14

That we memorise info because I has meaning

Question 15

Multi store model of memory criticisms

Answer 15

ignores individual differences (assumes everyone is the same and have the same memory capacity))

Simple STM and LTM ( critics says thyare not so simple whre infro just passes theorugh, they are more active and there are more than on LTM for certain memories)

Rehearsals over emphasised (not all infr has to be rehearsedeg smells phone numbers, names. meaning plays a part in memory)

Question 16

What is shallow processing?

Answer 16

We don’t think about the meaning

We code it based on physical characteristics

Question 17

What is deep processing

Answer 17

We think about the meaning and code it based on its meaning to use
Eg foot ball scores to a fan

Question 18

What did terry aim to show?

Answer 18

To show that memory if affected by time and space

Question 19

Terry’s procedure

What did he do and how?

Answer 19

39 students in a repeated measure design
Watched 15 adverts 10 months old x2
iV imediete vs delayed recall
DV brand names

Question 20

How was terry a repeated measure design?

Answer 20

First set of ads with imediete recall

Second set with an interference before delayed recall

Question 21

What did terry conclude?

Answer 21

That there is a serial position effect and a primacy and recency effect too.
The ads were recalled based on serial positions (time and space) this supports the msm

Question 23

Criticisms of Terry’s adverts

Answer 23

Lab experiment ( lacks ecological validty as is artificial)

Easily cheat( demand characteristics)

Lack of validly/narrow investigation (thee is much more tomemory that comercials,its arificaly to make all the ads the same length ect to make it more valid)

Question 24

Applications

Name 3 memory aids

Answer 24

Method of loci

Cues

Mind mapping

Question 25

define input

Answer 25

the process of data entry
eg. typing ona keyboard
or visulal senses for humans

Question 26

define encoding

Answer 26

the process in whichdata is changed into annother format
eg. computer change into binary
humasn change 3D image into 2D

Question 27

define storage

Answer 27

the process in whcih information is held ready to be used at a later data. in computer terms (files)
in human terms ( palaced in a memeory store)

Question 28

define retrieval

Answer 28

the process in which information is located and take out of storage
incomputer terms: searching for a file or oeping a document
in human terms: searching in the memory store or the information

Question 29

define output

Answer 29

the process of using data after it has been retrieved.its the final stage
computer terms: printing or opeing a file
human terms: talking, image in our minds or a thoughts

Question 30

define capacity

Answer 30

the amount of space in the meory

Question 31

define duration

Answer 31

how long the infromation lasts in our memory

Question 32

define displacement

Answer 32

a process in which informtion is “shunted out” of storage by new infromation and so become forgoten

Question 33

define matintennce rehearsal

Answer 33

a process that basically invoves repeating informstion s that it stays in storage either temporarily or perminently

Question 34

what is the role of rehersal in the multi store model of memory?

Answer 34

by doing it we can maintain information . by rehearsing for 30 seconds the info transfersinto LTM

Question 35

applications

whats the use of cues?

Answer 35

it aids memory, it works by assuming that lost info is just accesable and can be retrieved, cues help trigger and access lost info.
they can be used in education

Question 36

give example of cues

Answer 36

colour coding topics
mnuemonics
contex (smell taste place)