Unit 2 Chemistry Flashcards
Gas
Any Material that has no definitive volume or shape. Gases have a boiling point of less than 68
Liquid compresses gas
Gas packaged under pressure is partially liquid at temperatures above 58 degrees
Boiling Point
the temperature at which the liquid changes into a gas or vapor at is max rate
Vapor Pressure
the pressure the vapor of a liquid exerts on its container when the vapor and liquid are in equalilibrium
Materials with a high vapor pressure will have a ______ boiling point
Low
Materials with low vapor pressure will have ____ boiling point
High
Atomic Structure
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Protons
particles found in the center of the atom having a positive charge
Neutrons
Particles found in nucleus, have no charge
Electrons
Particles found in the space surrounding the nucleus, have a negative charge.
Steps for Developing a Chemical Hazard profile
Identify hazard class
Evaluate the potential energy and chemical reactivity
Determine physical state based on boiling and melting point
Evaluate fire hazard
Evaluate health hazard
How to identify if a chemical has potential energy release
Hazard class 1
Reactive w/other chemicals( hazard class 4,5,8)
Polymerization ( Hazard class 2,3)
Chemically unstable
Radioactivity class 7
Flash Point
Min temperature to which a material must be raised to allow for combustion in presence of ignition source
Fire point
Sustained combustion
Flammable range
percentage of vapor in air in which ignition will occur.
Ignition temperature
Min temperature a material must be heated to in order to imitate self sustained combustion
Vapor Dispersion
Certain materials can be dispersed or moved using water spray, fans, blowers, or compressed air
Vapor Suppression
Foam can be used to suppress vapors and other flammable materials
PPE Selection Factors
Person
Mission
Environment
NFPA 1994
Standard on Protective Ensembles for First Responders to CBRN Terrorism Incidents
Permeation
Process by which a chemical moves through protective clothing on a molecular level
Breakthrough time
time elapsed for initial contact on the outside of PPE to first detection of chemical on inside surface
Permeation rate
amount of a chemical which passes through a given area of clothing per unit of time
Factors that influence permeation
Temperature
Thickness of protective material
concentration of Chemical
Multi-component liquids
Penetration
flow of a chemical through closures, seams, pinholes or other imperfections in PPE
Potential areas of penetration
seams
exhalation valves
hand and foot joints
face shield assemblies
Degradation
The actual destruction of material
Signs on degradation
discoloration
stiffness
bubbling
tackiness
cracking/crazing
Types of heat injuries
heat rash
heat cramps
heat exhaustion
Heat rash
may result from continuous exposure to heat or humid air
heat cramps
caused by heavy sweating, muscle spasms and pain in hands feet and abdomen
heat exhaustion
pale cool moist skin
heavy sweating
dizziness
nausea
fainting
Heat stroke
temperature regulation fails and the body temp rises to critical levels
Ionic Bond
combines metal elements with non metal
Roentgen (R)
A measure of the ionization of molecules in cubic centimeter of air
Rad (Radiation Absorbed Does)
The basic unit of absorbed dose of ionizing radiation
Covalent bonding
combines two non metal elements
Saturated HydroCarbons
2x as many hydrogen atoms as they do carbon atoms
Unsaturated HydroCarbons
alkenes and alkenyne
alkene
carbons that attach with a double covalent bond
alkeyne
attach w/a triple covalent bond
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
smell good, lowest amount of hydrocarbo
Halogenated Hydrocabon
hydrogen is replaced w/halogen atom
TRACEM
Thermal
Radiation
Asphyxiation
Chemical
Etiological
Mechanical
organic acid
contains carbon
contact hazards
chemical burns
thermal burns
frostbite
TWA
time weighted average 40 hours per week
STEL
Short term exposure limit
15 min period continuously
C
Ceiling
LD50
lethal dose for 50% of test population
LC50
lethal concentration kill 50% in a specific time period
