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Anatomy and Physiology I > Unit 2 Chapter 9 (Articulations) > Flashcards

Unit 2 Chapter 9 (Articulations) Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for “joint”

A

articulation

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2
Q

Do all joints allow for the same degree of
movement

A

No, it is dependent on the functional requirements for that joint in the area of the body

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3
Q

What structural characteristic makes synovial joints unique to fibrous and cartilaginous joints

A

presence of a joint cavity

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4
Q

Are synovial joints immovable, slightly movable, or freely movable

A

freely movable

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5
Q

What is unique about the articular capsule of synovial joints

A

-Two layers enclose the synovial cavity like a sleeve, and unites articulating bones
-Outer fibrous membrane: Dense connective tissue. Attaches to the periosteum of the articulating bones. Helps stabilize the joint
-Inner synovial membrane: Areolar connective tissue. Secretes viscous, clear synovial fluid

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6
Q

What is the function of the synovial cavity

A

Hold synovial fluid, site at which the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other

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7
Q

What is the function of articular cartilage

A

Provide a smooth, lubricated surface for low friction articulation and to facilitate the transmission of loads

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8
Q

What is the function of ligaments

A

Strengthen and support the joint by anchoring the bones together and preventing their separation

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9
Q

What is the function of menisci

A

Dependent on specific joint
-Strongly unite the bones of the joint to each other
-Provide shock absorption and cushioning between the bones
-Provide smooth the movements between the articulating bones

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10
Q

What is synovial fluid

A

fluid that is a thin film that forms over the surface of articular joint structures within the capsule

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11
Q

What are bursae

A

Thin connective tissue sac filled with lubricating liquid. Located in regions where skin, ligaments, muscles, or muscle tendons can rub against each other, usually near a body joint

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12
Q

What is bursitis

A

Inflammation of a bursa sac near a joint.

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13
Q

What is arthritis

A

inflammation of the joint

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14
Q

What is the difference between rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and gouty arthritis

A

-Rheumatoid arthritis: Autoimmune condition, Results in permanent joint damage
-Osteoarthritis: Results from joint use and/or injury
-Gouty arthritis: Excess Uric Acid in system forms crystals that settle in/damage joints

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15
Q

Which arthritis is an autoimmune disease

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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16
Q

Which arthritis results in bone spurs

A

Osteoarthritis

17
Q

Which forms of arthritis are most common in women

A

Rheumatoid arthritis and Osteoarthritis

18
Q

What is a sprain

A

The stretching or tearing of the supporting ligaments (bone to bone)

19
Q

What is a strain

A

Injury to a muscle or to the band of tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

20
Q

Describe flexion

A

Decrease in the angle between articulating bones

21
Q

Describe extension

A

Increase in the angle between articulating bone

22
Q

Describe hyperextension

A

Extension beyond their anatomical position

23
Q

Describe abduction

A

Movement of bone away from the midline

24
Q

Describe adduction

A

Movement of bone toward the midline

25
Q

Describe circumduction

A

Movement of the distal end of a body part in a circle

26
Q

Describe rotation

A

bone revolving around its own longitudinal axis, relative to the midline

27
Q

Describe elevation

A

upward movement

28
Q

Describe depression

A

downward movement

29
Q

Describe inversion

A

moving soles of feet medially

30
Q

Describe eversion

A

moving soles of feet laterally

31
Q

Describe dorsiflexion

A

bending foot, at ankle, superiorly

32
Q

Describe plantar flexion

A

bending foot, at ankle, inferiorly

33
Q

Describe supination

A

moving palm to face anteriorly

34
Q

Describe pronation

A

moving palm to face posteriorly

35
Q

What is a dislocation

A

A separation of two bones where they meet at a joint

36
Q

What is a reduction

A

manipulation manually or through surgery to repair a fracture or dislocation to the correct alignment.

37
Q

Why do articular cartilages not usually regenerate or heal

A

They are avascular, which means they do not have blood vessels. With little blood supply, this reduces their regenerative abilities

38
Q

How does the muscular system help stabilize joints

A

Tendons of many muscles extend over joints. Think of ACL (anterior cruciate ligament), PCL (posterior cruciate ligament), and meniscus in the knee

Anatomy and Physiology I (12 decks)

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