Unit 2 Chapter 9 (Articulations) Flashcards
What is another name for “joint”
articulation
Do all joints allow for the same degree of
movement
No, it is dependent on the functional requirements for that joint in the area of the body
What structural characteristic makes synovial joints unique to fibrous and cartilaginous joints
presence of a joint cavity
Are synovial joints immovable, slightly movable, or freely movable
freely movable
What is unique about the articular capsule of synovial joints
-Two layers enclose the synovial cavity like a sleeve, and unites articulating bones
-Outer fibrous membrane: Dense connective tissue. Attaches to the periosteum of the articulating bones. Helps stabilize the joint
-Inner synovial membrane: Areolar connective tissue. Secretes viscous, clear synovial fluid
What is the function of the synovial cavity
Hold synovial fluid, site at which the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other
What is the function of articular cartilage
Provide a smooth, lubricated surface for low friction articulation and to facilitate the transmission of loads
What is the function of ligaments
Strengthen and support the joint by anchoring the bones together and preventing their separation
What is the function of menisci
Dependent on specific joint
-Strongly unite the bones of the joint to each other
-Provide shock absorption and cushioning between the bones
-Provide smooth the movements between the articulating bones
What is synovial fluid
fluid that is a thin film that forms over the surface of articular joint structures within the capsule
What are bursae
Thin connective tissue sac filled with lubricating liquid. Located in regions where skin, ligaments, muscles, or muscle tendons can rub against each other, usually near a body joint
What is bursitis
Inflammation of a bursa sac near a joint.
What is arthritis
inflammation of the joint
What is the difference between rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and gouty arthritis
-Rheumatoid arthritis: Autoimmune condition, Results in permanent joint damage
-Osteoarthritis: Results from joint use and/or injury
-Gouty arthritis: Excess Uric Acid in system forms crystals that settle in/damage joints
Which arthritis is an autoimmune disease
Rheumatoid arthritis
Which arthritis results in bone spurs
Osteoarthritis
Which forms of arthritis are most common in women
Rheumatoid arthritis and Osteoarthritis
What is a sprain
The stretching or tearing of the supporting ligaments (bone to bone)
What is a strain
Injury to a muscle or to the band of tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone
Describe flexion
Decrease in the angle between articulating bones
Describe extension
Increase in the angle between articulating bone
Describe hyperextension
Extension beyond their anatomical position
Describe abduction
Movement of bone away from the midline
Describe adduction
Movement of bone toward the midline
Describe circumduction
Movement of the distal end of a body part in a circle
Describe rotation
bone revolving around its own longitudinal axis, relative to the midline
Describe elevation
upward movement
Describe depression
downward movement
Describe inversion
moving soles of feet medially
Describe eversion
moving soles of feet laterally
Describe dorsiflexion
bending foot, at ankle, superiorly
Describe plantar flexion
bending foot, at ankle, inferiorly
Describe supination
moving palm to face anteriorly
Describe pronation
moving palm to face posteriorly
What is a dislocation
A separation of two bones where they meet at a joint
What is a reduction
manipulation manually or through surgery to repair a fracture or dislocation to the correct alignment.
Why do articular cartilages not usually regenerate or heal
They are avascular, which means they do not have blood vessels. With little blood supply, this reduces their regenerative abilities
How does the muscular system help stabilize joints
Tendons of many muscles extend over joints. Think of ACL (anterior cruciate ligament), PCL (posterior cruciate ligament), and meniscus in the knee
