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Anatomy and Physiology I > Unit 1 Chapter 5 (Integumentary System) > Flashcards

Unit 1 Chapter 5 (Integumentary System) Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the hypodermis located

A

directly under the dermis

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2
Q

What kind of tissue makes up the hypodermis

A

adipose tissue

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3
Q

What is the function of the hypodermis

A

stores fat, connects dermis to bone and muscle, insulation, protection

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4
Q

What type of tissue is the epidermis

A

epithelial tissue

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5
Q

What is the name of the cell that produces keratin

A

Keratinocytes

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6
Q

What is the name of the cell that produces melanin

A

Melanocytes

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7
Q

What is the function of keratin

A

Help form tissues of the hair, nails, outer layer of skin. Also provides protection and waterproofing

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8
Q

What is the function of melanin

A

Skin and hair pigmentation

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9
Q

What is the function of the stratum basale

A

Separates the epidermis from the dermis, contains keratinocytes, melanocytes, touch receptors, stem cells divide here and produce new keratinocytes which get pushed up

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10
Q

What is the function of the stratum corneum

A

Outermost layer of the epidermis, has flat dead keratinocyte layers that get shed off, mainly the protection layer from outside

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11
Q

What is the most common cause of skin cancer

A

too much exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays

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12
Q

What is the most common type of skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinomas and squamous cells carcinomas

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13
Q

What is the deadliest type of skin cancer

A

Malignant Melanoma

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14
Q

What is the tissue type of the dermis

A

Connective tissue

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15
Q

What is the function of the epidermal ridges

A

Decrease friction when in contact with smooth surfaces, promote interlocking with rough surfaces, channel excess water, prevent blistering, and enhance tactile sensitivity.

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16
Q

Why is skin able to stretch then return to its original shape

A

Due to the collagen and elastin in the skin, which gives it structure and the ability to stretch out

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17
Q

What are the 3 different pigments in the skin

A

melanin, carotene, hemoglobin

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18
Q

How does melanin contribute to skin color

A

the more melanin that your body produces, the darker your skin color will be

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19
Q

How does carotene contribute to skin color

A

carotene adds in yellow/orange color to the skin

20
Q

How does hemoglobin contribute to skin color

A

a lack of oxygen and hemoglobin can leave the skin looking paler or grayer

21
Q

What are freckles

A

The result of an overproduction of melanin

22
Q

What are moles

A

A benign (not cancerous) growth on the skin that is formed by a cluster of melanocytes

23
Q

What are the 4 components of the integumentary system

A

skin, nails, skin glands, and hair

24
Q

What is the function of hair

A

protection, thermoregulation, sensory input, communication

25
Q

What is the function of the hair papilla

A

regenerate the cycling portion of the hair follicle and generate the hair shaft.

26
Q

What is the function of the hair matrix

A

part of the hair follicle where matrix keratinocytes proliferate to form the hair shaft of growing hair

27
Q

What is the function of the hair arrector pili

A

trap a layer of air to add insulation (goosebumps in humans)

28
Q

What substance does the sebaceous gland secrete and what are their functions

A

sebum (group of complex oils)
lubricates the skin to protect against friction and makes it more impervious to moisture

29
Q

What substance does the sudoriferous gland secrete and what are their functions

A

sweat
control body temperature to help maintain homeostasis

30
Q

What is the function of nails

A

protect the sensitive nerve endings in the tips of our fingers and toes

31
Q

Describe the mechanism of skin wound repair

A

Contraction, connective tissue matrix deposition and epithelialization. Wounds that remain open heal by contraction; the interaction between cells and matrix results in movement of tissue toward the center of the wound.

32
Q

What is a burn

A

tissue damage caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, sunlight, or nuclear radiation.

33
Q

What is a first degree burn and what are their symptoms

A

Considered mild compared to other burns. Affects Epidermis only. Symptoms are red, painful, dry, and absent of blisters

34
Q

What is a second degree burn and what are their symptoms

A

(partial thickness burns) Affects the epidermis and the dermis. Symptoms are swelling and red, white or splotchy skin, blisters usually present

35
Q

What is a third degree burn and what are their symptoms

A

(full thickness burns) Go through the dermis and affect deeper tissues. Symptoms are dry/leathery skin, black, white, brown, or yellow skin, swelling, lack of pain because nerve endings have been destroyed.

36
Q

What are the 3 different forms of skin cancer and describe them

A

basal cell carcinoma: begins in the lower part of the epidermis, may appear as a small white or flesh-colored bump that grows slowly and may bleed, usually found on areas of the body exposed to the sun.
squamous cell carcinoma: common form of skin cancer that develops in the squamous cells that make up the middle and outer layers of the skin.
melanoma: begins in melanocytes, may begin in a mole (skin melanoma)

37
Q

What is the ABCDE rule

A

Rules used for identifying and diagnosing early stages of melanoma
Asymmetry – the two sides are not symmetrical
Borders – the edges are irregular in shape
Color – the color is varied shades of brown or black
Diameter – it is larger than 6 mm (0.24 in)
Evolving – its shape has changed

38
Q

How does the skin perform its functions

A

Provides a protective barrier against mechanical, thermal and physical injury and hazardous substances. Prevents loss of moisture. Reduces harmful effects of UV radiation. Acts as a sensory organ (touch, detects temperature)

39
Q

What is the hair shaft

A

part of the hair not anchored to the follicle, very exposed to the skins surface

40
Q

What is the hair root

A

the rest of the hair, which is anchored in the follicle, lies
below the surface of the skin

41
Q

What is the hair follicle

A

Strands of hair that originate in an epidermal penetration of the dermis

42
Q

What is the hair bulb

A

where the hair root ends deep in the dermis

43
Q

What is the hair papilla

A

made of connective tissue and contains blood capillaries and nerve endings from the dermis

44
Q

What is the hair matrix

A

a layer of mitotically active basal cells

45
Q

What is the difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands

A

Eccrine sweat glands occur over most of the body and open directly onto the skin’s surface. Apocrine glands open into the hair follicle, leading to the surface of the skin.

Anatomy and Physiology I (12 decks)

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