Unit 1 Chapter 1 (Terminology) Flashcards by Patrick Hinkeldey

What does intracellular mean

within body cells

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What does extracellular mean

outside body cells

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What is interstitial fluid

fluid between cells within a tissue

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What is metabolism

all the chemistry occurring in your body

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What is anabolism

Chemical reactions that build/synthesize
things. Usually consume energy

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What is catabolism

Chemical reactions that digest/break down
things. Usually liberate energy

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From smallest to largest, what are the 6 levels of structural organization

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organismal

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What is homeostasis

Maintenance of relatively stable internal body
conditions despite changes that occur inside or
outside the body

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What components make up a feedback system

receptor, control center, effector

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What is negative feedback

Response of system reverses deviations from controlled
condition. System shuts itself off when “set point” is
reached.

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What is positive feedback

Response of system reinforces or intensifies the initial
deviation from controlled condition. Continues until it is interrupted by some mechanism, after which homeostasis is restored

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What can cause homeostasis imbalance or be used to recognize it

disorder, disease, signs, symptoms

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What are the 3 principles for anatomical position

body erect, feet flat and forward, arms at side with palms forward

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What are directional terms used for

describe position of one body part relative to another

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What are body planes and the sections

imaginary flat surfaces dividing body or body parts
Longitudinal: Sagittal, Midsagittal (median), Parasagittal, Frontal
Transverse

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Anterior is ____

front

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Posterior is ____

back

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Medial is ___

middle

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Lateral is ___

sides

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Superior is ___

above/upper

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Inferior is ___

below/lower

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Proximal is ___

near

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Distal is ___

far

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Superficial is ___

surface of the body

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Deep is ___

digging into the body

What are body cavities and their purpose

Protect, separate and support internal organs

What two cavities does the dorsal cavity hold and what organs are in those two cavities

Cranial cavity: contains the brain Vertebral cavity: contains the spinal cord

What cavity is found in the ventral cavity that is superior to the diaphragm and what organs are found in the sub-cavities there

Thoracic cavity Pericardial cavity: contains the heart Pleural cavity: contains the right or left lung

What cavity is found in the ventral cavity that is inferior to the diaphragm and what organs are found in the sub-cavities there

Abdominopelvic cavity Abdominal cavity: contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine and most of large intestine Pelvic cavity: contains urinary bladder, inferior part of large intestine and reproductive organs

What is the purpose of serous membranes

Protect and compartmentalize the organs to keep infection from spreading. Also allow for smooth movement and minimal friction for the organs

Sagittal is cutting into ___ and ___ sides

left, right

Frontal is cutting into ___ and ___

anterior, posterior

Sagittal and Front are both examples of ___ planes

Longitudinal

Radial symmetry is

symmetrical all the way around

Bilateral symmetry is

symmetrical on only 2 sides

What is the parietal layer

thin epithelium that lines the walls of body cavity

What is the visceral layer

thin epithelium covers and adheres to organs within body cavity

What is serous fluid

lubricating fluid secreted by serous membranes into space between double layer

What 2 serous membranes are in the thoracic cavity, what organs do they protect, and what other serous membrane lines the abdominal wall

pleura/pleurae: lungs pericardium: heart peritoneum

What is the retroperitoneal

area located posterior to parietal peritoneum, houses the kidneys

What are the 4 abdominopelvic quadrants.

Right upper, Left upper, Right Lower, Left Lower

What is anatomy

the study of the parts of the body and how they relate to each other

What is physiology

the science of how the body functions

Antebrachial

forearm

Antecubital

front of elbow

Axillary

armpit

Brachial

arm

Calcaneal

heel

Carpal

wrist

Cephalic

head

Cervical

neck

Coxal

hip

Digital

fingers/toes

Femoral

thigh

Frontal

forehead

Gluteal

buttock

Inguinal

groin

Lumbar

loin (lower back)

Mammary

breast

Nasal

nose

Occipital

base of the skull

Orbital

eye

Patellar

anterior (front) surface of the knee

Pectoral

chest muscle

Popliteal

hollow behind the knee

Pubic

pubis

Sacral

between the hips

Tarsal

ankle

Thoracic

chest cavity

Vertebral

spinal column