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Anatomy and Physiology I > Unit 1 Chapter 1 (Terminology) > Flashcards

Unit 1 Chapter 1 (Terminology) Flashcards

1
Q

What does intracellular mean

A

within body cells

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2
Q

What does extracellular mean

A

outside body cells

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3
Q

What is interstitial fluid

A

fluid between cells within a tissue

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4
Q

What is metabolism

A

all the chemistry occurring in your body

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5
Q

What is anabolism

A

Chemical reactions that build/synthesize
things. Usually consume energy

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6
Q

What is catabolism

A

Chemical reactions that digest/break down
things. Usually liberate energy

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7
Q

From smallest to largest, what are the 6 levels of structural organization

A

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organismal

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8
Q

What is homeostasis

A

Maintenance of relatively stable internal body
conditions despite changes that occur inside or
outside the body

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9
Q

What components make up a feedback system

A

receptor, control center, effector

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10
Q

What is negative feedback

A

Response of system reverses deviations from controlled
condition. System shuts itself off when “set point” is
reached.

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11
Q

What is positive feedback

A

Response of system reinforces or intensifies the initial
deviation from controlled condition. Continues until it is interrupted by some mechanism, after which homeostasis is restored

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12
Q

What can cause homeostasis imbalance or be used to recognize it

A

disorder, disease, signs, symptoms

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13
Q

What are the 3 principles for anatomical position

A

body erect, feet flat and forward, arms at side with palms forward

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14
Q

What are directional terms used for

A

describe position of one body part relative to another

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15
Q

What are body planes and the sections

A

imaginary flat surfaces dividing body or body parts
Longitudinal: Sagittal, Midsagittal (median), Parasagittal, Frontal
Transverse

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16
Q

Anterior is ____

A

front

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17
Q

Posterior is ____

A

back

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18
Q

Medial is ___

A

middle

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19
Q

Lateral is ___

A

sides

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20
Q

Superior is ___

A

above/upper

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21
Q

Inferior is ___

A

below/lower

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22
Q

Proximal is ___

A

near

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23
Q

Distal is ___

A

far

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24
Q

Superficial is ___

A

surface of the body

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25
Q

Deep is ___

A

digging into the body

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26
Q

What are body cavities and their purpose

A

Protect, separate and support internal organs

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27
Q

What two cavities does the dorsal cavity hold and what organs are in those two cavities

A

Cranial cavity: contains the brain
Vertebral cavity: contains the spinal cord

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28
Q

What cavity is found in the ventral cavity that is superior to the diaphragm and what organs are found in the sub-cavities there

A

Thoracic cavity
Pericardial cavity: contains the heart Pleural cavity: contains the right or left lung

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29
Q

What cavity is found in the ventral cavity that is inferior to the diaphragm and what organs are found in the sub-cavities there

A

Abdominopelvic cavity
Abdominal cavity: contains stomach, spleen, liver,
gallbladder, small intestine and most of large intestine
Pelvic cavity: contains urinary bladder, inferior part of large
intestine and reproductive organs

30
Q

What is the purpose of serous membranes

A

Protect and compartmentalize the organs to keep infection from spreading. Also allow for smooth movement and minimal friction for the organs

31
Q

Sagittal is cutting into ___ and ___ sides

A

left, right

32
Q

Frontal is cutting into ___ and ___

A

anterior, posterior

33
Q

Sagittal and Front are both examples of ___ planes

A

Longitudinal

34
Q

Radial symmetry is

A

symmetrical all the way around

35
Q

Bilateral symmetry is

A

symmetrical on only 2 sides

36
Q

What is the parietal layer

A

thin epithelium that lines the walls of body cavity

37
Q

What is the visceral layer

A

thin epithelium covers and adheres to organs within body cavity

38
Q

What is serous fluid

A

lubricating fluid secreted by serous membranes into space between double layer

39
Q

What 2 serous membranes are in the thoracic cavity, what organs do they protect, and what other serous membrane lines the abdominal wall

A

pleura/pleurae: lungs
pericardium: heart
peritoneum

40
Q

What is the retroperitoneal

A

area located posterior to parietal peritoneum, houses the kidneys

41
Q

What are the 4 abdominopelvic quadrants.

A

Right upper, Left upper, Right Lower, Left Lower

42
Q

What is anatomy

A

the study of the parts of the body and how they relate to each other

43
Q

What is physiology

A

the science of how the body functions

44
Q

Antebrachial

A

forearm

45
Q

Antecubital

A

front of elbow

46
Q

Axillary

A

armpit

47
Q

Brachial

A

arm

48
Q

Calcaneal

A

heel

49
Q

Carpal

A

wrist

50
Q

Cephalic

A

head

51
Q

Cervical

A

neck

52
Q

Coxal

A

hip

53
Q

Digital

A

fingers/toes

54
Q

Femoral

A

thigh

55
Q

Frontal

A

forehead

56
Q

Gluteal

A

buttock

57
Q

Inguinal

A

groin

58
Q

Lumbar

A

loin (lower back)

59
Q

Mammary

A

breast

60
Q

Nasal

A

nose

61
Q

Occipital

A

base of the skull

62
Q

Orbital

A

eye

63
Q

Patellar

A

anterior (front) surface of the knee

64
Q

Pectoral

A

chest muscle

65
Q

Popliteal

A

hollow behind the knee

66
Q

Pubic

A

pubis

67
Q

Sacral

A

between the hips

68
Q

Tarsal

A

ankle

69
Q

Thoracic

A

chest cavity

70
Q

Vertebral

A

spinal column

Anatomy and Physiology I (12 decks)

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