Unit 1 Chapter 1 (Terminology) Flashcards
What does intracellular mean
within body cells
What does extracellular mean
outside body cells
What is interstitial fluid
fluid between cells within a tissue
What is metabolism
all the chemistry occurring in your body
What is anabolism
Chemical reactions that build/synthesize
things. Usually consume energy
What is catabolism
Chemical reactions that digest/break down
things. Usually liberate energy
From smallest to largest, what are the 6 levels of structural organization
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organismal
What is homeostasis
Maintenance of relatively stable internal body
conditions despite changes that occur inside or
outside the body
What components make up a feedback system
receptor, control center, effector
What is negative feedback
Response of system reverses deviations from controlled
condition. System shuts itself off when “set point” is
reached.
What is positive feedback
Response of system reinforces or intensifies the initial
deviation from controlled condition. Continues until it is interrupted by some mechanism, after which homeostasis is restored
What can cause homeostasis imbalance or be used to recognize it
disorder, disease, signs, symptoms
What are the 3 principles for anatomical position
body erect, feet flat and forward, arms at side with palms forward
What are directional terms used for
describe position of one body part relative to another
What are body planes and the sections
imaginary flat surfaces dividing body or body parts
Longitudinal: Sagittal, Midsagittal (median), Parasagittal, Frontal
Transverse
Anterior is ____
front
Posterior is ____
back
Medial is ___
middle
Lateral is ___
sides
Superior is ___
above/upper
Inferior is ___
below/lower
Proximal is ___
near
Distal is ___
far
Superficial is ___
surface of the body
Deep is ___
digging into the body
What are body cavities and their purpose
Protect, separate and support internal organs
What two cavities does the dorsal cavity hold and what organs are in those two cavities
Cranial cavity: contains the brain
Vertebral cavity: contains the spinal cord
What cavity is found in the ventral cavity that is superior to the diaphragm and what organs are found in the sub-cavities there
Thoracic cavity
Pericardial cavity: contains the heart Pleural cavity: contains the right or left lung
What cavity is found in the ventral cavity that is inferior to the diaphragm and what organs are found in the sub-cavities there
Abdominopelvic cavity
Abdominal cavity: contains stomach, spleen, liver,
gallbladder, small intestine and most of large intestine
Pelvic cavity: contains urinary bladder, inferior part of large
intestine and reproductive organs
What is the purpose of serous membranes
Protect and compartmentalize the organs to keep infection from spreading. Also allow for smooth movement and minimal friction for the organs
Sagittal is cutting into ___ and ___ sides
left, right
Frontal is cutting into ___ and ___
anterior, posterior
Sagittal and Front are both examples of ___ planes
Longitudinal
Radial symmetry is
symmetrical all the way around
Bilateral symmetry is
symmetrical on only 2 sides
What is the parietal layer
thin epithelium that lines the walls of body cavity
What is the visceral layer
thin epithelium covers and adheres to organs within body cavity
What is serous fluid
lubricating fluid secreted by serous membranes into space between double layer
What 2 serous membranes are in the thoracic cavity, what organs do they protect, and what other serous membrane lines the abdominal wall
pleura/pleurae: lungs
pericardium: heart
peritoneum
What is the retroperitoneal
area located posterior to parietal peritoneum, houses the kidneys
What are the 4 abdominopelvic quadrants.
Right upper, Left upper, Right Lower, Left Lower
What is anatomy
the study of the parts of the body and how they relate to each other
What is physiology
the science of how the body functions
Antebrachial
forearm
Antecubital
front of elbow
Axillary
armpit
Brachial
arm
Calcaneal
heel
Carpal
wrist
Cephalic
head
Cervical
neck
Coxal
hip
Digital
fingers/toes
Femoral
thigh
Frontal
forehead
Gluteal
buttock
Inguinal
groin
Lumbar
loin (lower back)
Mammary
breast
Nasal
nose
Occipital
base of the skull
Orbital
eye
Patellar
anterior (front) surface of the knee
Pectoral
chest muscle
Popliteal
hollow behind the knee
Pubic
pubis
Sacral
between the hips
Tarsal
ankle
Thoracic
chest cavity
Vertebral
spinal column
