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Anatomy and Physiology I > Unit 1 Chapter 4 (Tissues) > Flashcards

Unit 1 Chapter 4 (Tissues) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 basic types of body tissue

A

epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

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2
Q

What is the function of epithelial tissue

A

Covers body surfaces, lines cavities and forms
glands

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3
Q

What is the function of connective tissue

A

Binds organs together, stores energy, and
participates in body defenses

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4
Q

What is the function of muscular tissue

A

Produces the physical force for body movements

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5
Q

What is the function of nervous tissue

A

Detects and responds to changes in internal and
external body conditions

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6
Q

What are the 3 cell junctions

A

tight, desmosome, gap

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7
Q

What is the function of tight junctions

A

Form fluid-tight seals between cells

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8
Q

What is the function of desmosomes

A

Anchor cells to one another or to the basement
membrane

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9
Q

What is the function of gap junctions

A

Permit electrical and chemical signals to pass
between cells

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10
Q

What is the structure of epithelial tissue

A

apical surface, basal surface, basement membrane

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11
Q

What is the apical surface of epithelial tissue

A

Free surface facing body cavity, lumen, or surface

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12
Q

What is the basal surface of epithelial tissue

A

Deep surface that adheres to an extracellular
material

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13
Q

What is the basement membrane of epithelial tissue

A

Extracellular material that attaches the epithelial tissue to
underlying connective tissue

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14
Q

What are the 2 basic types of epithelial tissue

A

Covering/Lining, Glandular

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of glands in glandular epithelial tissue and what are their functions

A

Endocrine: Secrete hormones, Enter interstitial fluid and then blood
Exocrine: Secretory products, Enter duct that empties onto skin surface or into the lumen of an organ

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16
Q

True or False: Epithelial Tissue is avascular

A

true

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17
Q

Describe simple squamous epithelium, name its function(s), and where you can find it

A

single layer of flat cells; scale-like
filtration and diffusion
lining of the heart, lining of the ventral body cavity, blood and lymphatic vessels

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18
Q

Describe simple cuboidal epithelium, name its function(s), and where you can find it

A

single layer of cube-like cells
secretion and absorption
kidney tubules, ovary surface

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19
Q

Describe simple columnar epithelium, name its function(s), and where you can find it

A

Single layer of tall, column-shaped cells that can
be non-ciliated with microvilli or ciliated
absorption, secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances
digestive tract, uterus, excretory ducts

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20
Q

Describe pseudostratified columnar epithelium, name its function(s), and where you can find it

A

single layer of column-shaped cells attached to the basement membrane, appear stratified because nuclei are at different levels, can be ciliated or non-ciliated
secrets substances, propulsion of mucus by ciliary action
sperm carrying ducts, trachea (only if ciliated)

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21
Q

Describe stratified squamous epithelium, name its function(s), and where you can find it

A

several layers where basal cells are cuboidal, metabolically active and surface cells are squamous, full of dead keratin
protect underlying tissue from abrasion
lining of mouth, esophagus, and vagina, also found in epidermis

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22
Q

Describe transitional epithelium, name its function(s), and where you can find it

A

Variable appearance with flat apical cells in response to stretch, returning to rounder appearance when pressure subsides
stretches, helps permit distention of urinary organ
urinary system, lines of ureters, bladder

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23
Q

What is mesothelium

A

Epithelium that lines the major body cavities like the peritoneum, pleura, and pericardium. Also secretes serous fluid (lubricant)

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24
Q

What is endothelium

A

Epithelium that lines fully internal pathways like the vascular system and cornea

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25
What is the overall function of glands
Produce and release different hormones that target specific things in the body
26
What are the major functions of connective tissue
Structure, transportation, protection, support, energy storage, defense
27
Give a description of the extracellular matrix
The extracellular matrix consists of ground substance and 3 types of fibers embedded into it (collagen, reticular, elastic)
28
What is the composition and function of ground substance
Composed of water, proteins and polysaccharides. Supports embedded cells while allowing for material exchanges
29
What is the function of collagen
provides structural support to the extracellular space of connective tissues
30
What is the function of reticular
stretch and recoil back to shape
31
What is the function of reticular
supporting framework for soft organs
32
What is the difference between "-cyte" and "-blast" cells in relation to connective tissue
"-blast" cells are immature/less differentiated, more active in connective tissue. They produce the ground substances and undergo cell division "-cyte" cells are mature/differentiated, less active in connective tissue. They maintain the matrix and help mend broken bones/tissues
33
Define tendon and state what connective tissue it is composed of
Strong, fibrous tissue attaching a muscle to a bone. Composed of collagen and dense elastin
34
Define ligament and state what connective tissue it is composed of
Tissue which connects two bones/cartilages or holds together a joint. Composed of stretchy elastin and collagen
35
What are membranes
Flat sheets of flexible tissue that cover or line a body structure
36
Where are some areas where the mucous membrane can be located and what is its function
Inner lining of small intestine. Line body cavities that open to the outside
37
Where are some areas the serous membrane can be located and what is its function
Parietal Pleurae. Line body cavities that do not directly open to the outside
38
What is the main cell type of connective tissue proper
fibroblast
39
What are the 2 categories connective tissue proper is divided up into
loose and dense
40
What are the 3 types of loose connective tissue proper
areolar connective tissue, adipose tissue, reticular connective tissue
41
What are the 2 types of dense connective tissue proper
regular and irregular
42
What are the 3 types of cartilage
hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage
43
What is the main cell type of cartilage
chondrocyte
44
What is the main cell type of osseous tissue
osteocyte
45
What is osseous tissue and what are its functions
Bone tissue Support, protection, storage, and provides leverage for movement of body by muscles
46
What is areolar connective tissue, what are its functions, and where can it be found
Fibroblasts and many other types of cells with loosely intertwined collagen, elastic and reticular fibers in semi-fluid ground substance Most widely distributed for strength, elasticity, and support Under the epithelia, surrounding capillaries
47
What is adipose tissue, what are its functions, and where can it be found
Large triglyceride (fat) droplet with cytoplasm and nucleus pushed to periphery of cell Energy reserve, insulation, and supports/protects organs Around kidneys, in breasts
48
What is reticular connective tissue, what are its function(s), and where can it be found
Cells spaced between fine, interlacing reticular fibers in a loose ground substance Forms supporting framework of organs and forms net to capture microbes and worn-out blood cells lymph nodes, bone marrow
49
What is dense regular connective tissue, what are its function(s), and where can it be found
Regularly arranged parallel bundles of collagen fiber with few fibroblasts Strong attachment between structures tendons and ligaments
50
What is dense irregular connective tissue, what are its function(s), and where can it be found
Irregularly arranged bundles of collagen fiber with few fibroblasts Tensile (pulling) strength in many directions Dermis of skin, fibrous capsules of organs/joints
51
What is hyaline cartilage, what are its function(s), and where can it be found
Chondrocytes found in lacunae (spaces) within resilient gel ground substance; fine collagen are not fibers not visible Reduces friction, absorbs shock at joins, provides flexibility and support Ends of longer bones, majority of embryonic skeleton
52
What is elastic cartilage, what are its functions, and where can it be found
Chondrocytes found in lacunae (spaces) within resilient gel ground substance with network of elastic fibers Provide strength and elasticity, help maintain shape of structures External (auricle) of the ear
53
What is fibrocartilage, what are its functions, and where can it be found
Chondrocytes found in lacunae (spaces) within resilient gel ground substance and thick bundles of collagen fibers Strong and resilient, support and joining of structures together discs of knee joint, intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis
54
What is the function of skeletal muscle tissue
Enables humans to move and perform daily activities. They play an essential role in respiratory mechanics and help maintain posture and balance. They also protect the vital organs in the body.
55
What is the function of goblet cells
Secrete mucin and create a protective mucus layer
56
What is the function of fibroblasts
Contributes to the formation of connective tissue and secrete collagen proteins that help maintain the structural framework of tissues.
57
What is the function of adipocytes
Energy storage, cushioning and insulation
58
What is the function of collagen fibers
Provide structure, strength and support throughout your body.
59
What is the function of elastic fibers
Provide elasticity and resilience to the tissues.
60
What is the function of reticular fibers
A supporting mesh in soft tissues such as liver, bone marrow, and the tissues and organs of the lymphatic system.

Anatomy and Physiology I (12 decks)

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