Unit 2: Chapter 7 - Proteins Flashcards
What are proteins?
Proteins are the major structural materials of animal tissue and are also involved in the maintenance and regulation of life processes.
Could we survive without proteins?
NO
What are enzymes under the heading proteins?
Enzymes are proteins which act as biological catalysts.
What do proteins contribute to in our body?
Proteins contribute to the growth and repair of our bodies.
Which types of foods contain proteins?
Meat, cheese, fish and eggs.
Which foods contain a wide range of proteins?
Meat like pork, lamb, beef etc.
What happens when we take a protein and heat it with soda lime and what does this show?
When we take a protein and heat it with soda lime we get a pungent alkaline smell given off. The gases are all amines or ammonia. This suggests that the proteins contain nitrogen and this confirms that all plants need nitrogen to manufacture proteins.
What is an accurate way of showing what proteins are made of?
By hydrolysing the protein in dilute hydrochloric acid for several hours.
What are proteins made of?
Amino acids.
What are amino acids and what are they made of?
Amino acids, the building blocks from which proteins are formed, are relatively small molecules which all contain an amine group, —NH2, and a carboxyl group, —COOH.
What are the two functional groups in amino acids?
The amine group - NH2, and the carboxyl group - COOH.
What is a process to determine what amino acids are present in a protein?
Chromatography
What does the condensation of amino acids require?
Acids to join together.
What is the link called from the condensation reaction of amino acids?
The amide link.
What does an amide link look like?
[
H - N
[ Can look in data book
O = C
[When circling an amide link what have you always got leave?
Empty bonds at the carbon and the nitrogen.
What are proteins made of and what does this reaction produce?
Proteins are made of many amino acid molecules linked together by condensation reactions. In these reactions, the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid join, with the elimination of water.
What is the link that forms between amino acids known as?
The link which forms between two amino acids is known as a peptide link, —CONH—, or also as an amide link.
What are proteins which fulfil different roles in the body formed by linking together?
Proteins which fulfil different roles in the body are formed by linking together differing sequences of amino acids.
How are amino acids that the body cannot make obtained by and what are they called?
The amino acids are obtained from the diet and are called essential amino acids.
During digestion what produces amino acids?
During digestion, enzyme hydrolysis of protein produces amino acids.
What happens during the hydrolysis of a protein
During the hydrolysis of a protein the amide link is broken and a water molecule is inserted.
How many different amino acids are there?
20
What makes amino acids different?
The alkyl chain they posses.
