2) Nature's Chemistry

Question 1

vitamins dissolve better in ___ than ___

Answer 1

fats than water (vitamins are non-polar)

Question 2

generally oils are (non/polar)

Answer 2

non polar

Question 3

name for glycerol

Answer 3

propan-1,2,3-triol

Question 4

esters are made by reacting

Answer 4

an alcohol and carboxylic acid

Question 5

how to name an ester

Answer 5

(alcohol) -yl (acid)-anoate

e. g. methyl ethanoate

Question 6

an ester is broken down into smaller molecules using

Answer 6

hydrolysis

Question 7

reverse reaction of hydrolysis of an ester

Answer 7

condensation

Question 8

glycerol can be obtained from a fat using

Answer 8

hydrolysis

Question 9

the breakdown of fats and oils produces

Answer 9

glycerol and acids

Question 10

each OH group (on glycerol) can combine with ___ ________ each

Answer 10

one carboxylic acid

Question 11

the breakdown of fats and oils produces glycerol and fatty acids in the ratio of

Answer 11

1 : 3 (glycerol : fatty acids) moles

Question 12

only _________________ have an effect on saturation

Answer 12

carbon to carbon double bonds

Question 13

fats are _____ of glycerol and _____ carboxylic acids

Answer 13

esters , long chain

Question 14

fats are packed together ______ than oils because

Answer 14

tighter; oils have more carbon to carbon double bonds that prevents tighter packing whereas fats have less

Question 15

fats have ____ van der waals forces between molecules than oils

Answer 15

stronger

Question 16

result of reacting an ALDEHYDE with benedict’s reagent

Answer 16

blue -> brick red

Question 17

result of reacting an ALDEHYDE with tollen’s reagent

Answer 17

colourless -> a silver precipitate

Question 18

result of reacting an ALDEHYDE with acidified potassium dichromate solution

Answer 18

orange -> green

Question 19

result of reacting a KETONE with benedict’s reagent

Answer 19

none

Question 20

result of reacting a KETONE with tollen’s reagent

Answer 20

none

Question 21

result of reacting a KETONE with acidified potassium dichromate solution

Answer 21

none

Question 22

general formula for aldehydes and ketones

Answer 22

CnH2nO

Question 23

proteins are amides/salts/esters

Answer 23

amides

Question 24

soaps are amides/salts/esters

Answer 24

salts

Question 25

fats are amides/salts/esters

Answer 25

esters

Question 26

essential oils are/n't volatile and are/n't water soluble

Answer 26

are volatile and aren't water soluble

Question 27

effect of adding hydroxyl groups on water solubility

Answer 27

makes it more water soluble

Question 28

the three stages of free racials

Answer 28

initiation propagation termination

Question 29

explain clearly why the first ionisation energy of element X is much lower than its second. (3) also appears as: explain clearly why the second ionisation energy of element X is much higher than its first. (3)

Answer 29

The first ionisation energy removed an electron from the outermost shell and the second was removal from an inner shell. The removal from a complete shell requires more energy than removal from an incomplete shell.

Question 30

when something is oxidised it can either lose / gain an electron or lose / gain an oxygen

Answer 30

when something is oxidised it can either lose an electron or gain an oxygen