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Biology ATAR > Unit 2 Chap 8-10 Mid Sem > Flashcards

Unit 2 Chap 8-10 Mid Sem Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the requirements of a cell?

A
  • Ability to react to stimuli
  • Removal of Waste
  • Reproduction/Mitosis
  • Growth
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2
Q

What is Chemosynthesis?

A

Chemosynthesis is the process by which certain microbes create energy by mediating chemical reactions.

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3
Q

What is Metabolism?

A

Metabolism is all of the chemical reactions that take place inside a cell or organism.

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4
Q

What is Assimilation?

A

Assimilation is the process through which an organism incorporates nutrients from outside its body into more complex molecules needed in its fluid or solid parts.

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5
Q

Autotroph vs Heterotroph?

A

Auto use chemo/photo to create nutrients. Hetero eat Auto or other hetero for nutrients.

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6
Q

What are the 3 rules of Cell Theory?

A
  1. The Cell is the basic unit of life. 2. Cells arise from pre existing cells. 3. All living things are composed of cells or cell products
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7
Q

What are the specs of a Light Microscope?

A

1000x. Can see nucleus, cell wall, chloroplast, cytoplasm, cell membrane and cell wall. Spec can be kept alive while viewing tho small.

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8
Q

What are the specs of an Electron (TEM) Microscope?

A

1M x. Can see organelles. Can view well but kills cells thru electron bombard.

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9
Q

What are the specs of an Electron (SEM) Microscope?

A

1.5 M x. Can see small as an atom. Kills cell thru electorn bombard.

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10
Q

What is a Prokaryote cell?

A

Prokaryotic Cells: Typically unicellular. Have difficulty performing several different functions at once. DO NOT HAVE MEMBRANE BOUND

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11
Q

What is a Eukaryote cell?

A

Eukaryotic Cells: HAVE MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES. Belong to Kingdom Prostita, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. Eukaryotic are better.

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12
Q

What is the Cell Membrane?

A

Cell Membrane: A flexible phospholipid bilayer that controls and regulates the entry and exit of substances and encloses the cell.

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13
Q

What is the Cytoplasm and Cytosol?

A

Cytoplasm and Cytosol: Cytoplasm is everything within the cell and the cytosol is the jelly goop. Simple.

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14
Q

What is the EPR?

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum: Network of channels and flattened sacs that extends everywhere in the cell. Transports proteins through cytoplasm. Smooth ER = ribosomes attached. Unique set of enzymes, make phospholipids.
Rough ER = Ribosomes attached, site for protein synthesis.

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15
Q

What is the Golgi Apparatus?

A

Golgi Apparatus: Collect, package, modify and distribute materials such as proteins.

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16
Q

What are the Lysosomes?

A

Lysosomes: Digest/break down foreign substances such as bacteria and macromolecules like lipids, carbs, nucleic acids, proteins.

17
Q

What is the Mitochondria?

A

Mitochondria: POWERHOUSE OF CELL!! Produces ATP.

18
Q

What is the Nucleus?

A

Nucleus: Contains DNA and includes nuclear membrane w/ pores to allow it to communicate to the outside. Nucleolus which is involved in the production of ribosomes. Chromatin which is loose DNA and its proteins. Only visible during cell div.

19
Q

What is the Ribosomes?

A

Ribosomes: Carries out protein synthesis in cytosol and rough ER.

20
Q

What is the Centrosomes and Centrioles?

A

Centrosomes and Centrioles: Major role in cell div.

21
Q

What is the Chloroplast?

A

Chloroplast: Site of photosynthesis in plant cell. Light energy conv to chemical energy and stored in carbs.

22
Q

What is the Cell Wall?

A

Cell Wall: Structure made of tough cellulose fibres which protects plant cell, maintains cell and prevents excessive uptake of water.

23
Q

What is the Large Vacuole?

A

Large Vacuole: Store water, nutrients, metabolic waste and toxins for exo.

24
Q

Monosaccharide vs Disaccharide?

A

A monosaccharide is a simple sugar, such as glucose which cannot be broken down into smaller sugar molecules.

25
Q

Endocytosis vs Exocytosis?

A
  • Endocytosis is the movement of solids of liquids into a cell from the environment via vesicle formation.
  • Exocytosis is the movement of solids or liquids from a cell to the environment via vesicle formation
26
Q

What is ATP?

A

A high energy compound composed of adenine and ribose with 3 phosphate groups attahced. It released energy when it is converted to ADP due to a break of bonds.

27
Q

What is ATP?

A

A high energy compound composed of adenine and ribose with 3 phosphate groups attached. It released energy when it is converted to ADP due to a break of bonds.

28
Q

What is a Carrier Protein?

A

A protein within membranes that carry molecules to the other side. it is active and facilitated. They change shape to pass a molecule across the PLBL.

29
Q

Define Hypertonic

A

describes a solution with a high solute concentration compared with another solution.

30
Q

Define Hypotonic

A

describes a solution with a lower solute concentration compared with another solution

31
Q

Define Isotonic

A

Describes a solution with an equal solute concentration to another fluid.

32
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

The bulk transport of solids into a cell by engulfment and formation of a vesicle.

33
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

The bulk transport of liquids into a cell by engulfment and formation of a vesicle.

34
Q

What is plasmolysis?

A

The cytoplasm pulling away from the cell wall because of water loss from the cell.

35
Q

What is a receptor protein?

A

A protein in a cell membrane that binds hormones and other signal molecules.

36
Q

What is a recognition protein?

A

A protein that acts as a marker on membranes.

37
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A biological catalyst that speeds up biological reactions without undergoing any change itself; most enzymes are proteins; all are macromolecules.

Biology ATAR (6 decks)

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