Unit 1 Test 1 Chap 1-3 Flashcards
Name and describe the 3 R’s of Animal Ethics.
Reduction - As little number of animals as possible.
Refinement - Minimal pain for animals.
Replacement - Find alternatives for animals.
Name and describe the 3 variables in a scientific experiment.
Independent: Changed
Dependent: Measured
Controlled: Kept the same (3 or more)
Name 5 abiotic environmental factors
- Ambient temperature
- Water temperature
- Soil temperature
- Soil texture
- Soil colour
- Soil pH
- Light intensity
- Wind speed
- Water pH
- Water depth
What do you need to have to qualify as a biodiversity hotspot?
- 1500 species of endemic vascular plants found nowhere else in the world.
- Have to have lost 70% of primary native vegetation
Define: Gene
- A section of DNA in a chromosome that encodes an instruction, usually for a specific protein, which, when expressed, may affect a certain characteristic.
Define: Gene Pool
- The sum of all the genes, including all of their different forms, in a given population of one species
Define: Species
- A group of morphologically similar organisms that share a gene pool
Define: Ecosystem
- All the organisms in a particular area, along with the non-living components of their environment, and all their interactions
Define: Biosphere
- All the environments on Earth that organisms inhabit
Define: Community
- A group of populations living together
Define: Habitat
- The natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism
Define: Environment
- The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates.
Define: Population
- A group of interbreeding organisms [same species], occupying a defined area during a specific time
Define: Niche
- Refers to functional position of an organism in its environment, including the habitat where it lives the time it is active, and the resources it uses.
Why do we study biodiversity? (4 points)
- Ecosystem processes are essential to survival
- Education and Cultural benefits
- Contributes to food production, water, fuel, drugs and climate control.
- Tourism helps economy.
What are the limitations to the biological species model?
- Cannot apply to fossils or extinct organisms.
- Cannot broaden evolutionary knowledge.
What are the Kingdoms that make up Domain Eukarya?
- Animalia
- Plantae
- Prostita
- Fungi
How do we characterise organisms? (3 marks)
- Physical (Morphological) (Hair/No hair)
- Reproduction Method (Asexual/Sexual)
- Molecular (DNA Sequence)
What are the 4 classifications in Kindom Plantae? Key feature of each.
- Bryophyte (Non vascular land plant (moss))
- Pteridophyte (Seedless vascular plant (Fern))
- Gymnosperm (Pollen + Naked Seeds (Conifers))
- Angiosperms (Flowers/Fruit)
3 Characteristics of a monocotyledon (monocot)
- 1 cotyledon
- Fibrous root system
- Parallel Veins
3 Characteristics of a dicotyledon (diocot)
- 2 cotyledons
- Taproot system
- net-like veins
What is a hybrid organism?
A hybrid organism is an offspring of two different species. A hybrid is infertile and therefore not able to reproduce. An example is the mule or the wolphin
What is the morphological species concept characterised by?
Physical appearance
What is the phylogenetic species concept?
The idea that all organisms trace back to a single common ancestor.
What do spatial scales measure?
Size of area + distribution of species in an area.
What do temporal scales measure?
Time. details about biodiversity in an area over a certain time period.
What is the order of the taxonomic levels from largest to smallest.
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
How do we know if something is Eukaryote?
- Has DNA in nucleus and other membrane bound organelles.
How do we know if something is Prokaryote?
- Does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles.
How do we list the Binomial name?
- Capital letter for start of genus
- Underline or italics the species.
List the 3 Symbiotic relationships.
- Parasitism
- Commensalism
- Mutualism
List the 4 Non Symbiotic relationships.
- Predator/Prey
- Collaboration
- Competition
- Inhibition
What is the difference between collaboration and mutualism?
- Collaboration is the same species working together.
- Mutualism is where different species benefit each other
Characteristics of Tundra Biome.
- Arctic Pole region
- V cold winter
- low rain
- short growing season
- permafrost
Characteristics of Temperate Deciduous Biome.
- N Euro, Asia, N America
- Largest Biome
- Cold Long winters
- Bright summers - constant daylight
- Coniferous forest
Characteristics of Savanna Biome.
- Central S America, C Africa, N Aus, India
- Wet + dry season
- scattered trees, grass, shrub
- Giraffe, Zebra etc
- Plant w vertical leaves, large fibrous roots, thorns
Characteristics of Temperate Grassland Biome.
- N America, S America, Asia, Africa, Aus
- Nutrient Rich, fertile soil
- NO TREES
- hot summer cold winter
Characteristics of Tropical Rainforest Biome.
- Equator
- wet, hot, humid
- 200-450cm /year
- Strong sunlight all year
- MOST BIODIVERSE
Characteristics of Temperate Rainforest Biome.
- high rain mod temp
- evergreen trees
- frogs, bears
- HIGH BIODIVERSITY
Characteristics of Chaparral Biome.
- Hot dry summer, mild hot winter
- Broad leaves, shrubs, bushes, small dense trees.
- animals adapted to both climates
Characteristics of Dessert Biome.
- rain less than 25cm a year
- hot days, cold night
- animals and plants adapted for little moisture.
- cacti and succulent.
