UNIT 2 CH 12 & 13

Question 1

physical activity

Answer 1

any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles that substantially increases energy expenditure

Question 2

is physical activity difficult to measure

Answer 2

to measure precisely

Question 3

physical fitness

Answer 3

an attained set of attributes that relates to the ability to perform physical activity

Question 4

can physical fitness be measured

Answer 4

accurately and precisely

Question 5

what influences physical fitness

Answer 5

inherited factors and volitional increases in physical activity

Question 6

is physical fitness readily measurable in large epidemiological studies

Answer 6

no

Question 7

why is physical fitness relationship steeper than physical activity

Answer 7

measurement error in physical activity studies

Question 8

what should public health initiatives target

Answer 8

physical activity because that will increase physical fitness levels

Question 9

aerobics center longitudinal study

Answer 9

prospective observational study of physical activity, physical fitness, and health outcomes among men and women

Question 10

ACLS who and what

Answer 10

10,000 men and 3,000 women followed 8 years for all cause mortality in relation to initial level of cardiorespiratory fitness

Question 11

harvard alumni study

Answer 11

prospective observational study

Question 12

harvard alumni study

who

Answer 12

17,000 men

Question 13

where does strongest evidence of changes in physical activity or fitness and all-cause mortality

Answer 13

from studies of physical activity or fitness changes over time and their relationship with mortality

Question 14

is it easy or difficult to demonstrate changes in actual risk of disease caused by changes in physical activity levels

Answer 14

difficult

Question 15

what are the minimum requirements for studying change in physical activity or fitness and all-cause mortality

Answer 15

assessment of physical activity or fitness twice separated by a significant period of time, along with a subsequent follow-up period for ascertainment of mortality

Question 16

what is the most studied chronic disease in relation to physical fitness/activity

Answer 16

coronary heart disease

Question 17

cardioprotective

Answer 17

physical activity

Question 18

proartherogenic

Answer 18

inacitivity

Question 19

what is the primary prevention of CVD and stroke

Answer 19

regular physical activity

Question 20

is physical activity a modifiable or fixed risk in CVD

Answer 20

major modifiable risk

Question 21

what is relative risk of CHD in sedentary versus active occupations

Answer 21

1.4 times greater

Question 22

what is relative risk of CHD for low versus high nonoccupational physical activity

Answer 22

1.6 times greater

Question 23

does physical inactivity increase risk of stroke

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

physicians’ health study

Answer 24

inverse trend between physical activity and total stroke incidence
relationship stronger for hemorrhagic stroke than for ischemic

Question 25

what is the relationship for physical fitness/activity and hypertension

Answer 25

inverse

Question 26

can exercise training lower resting blood pressure

Answer 26

yes

Question 27

what does greater levels of physical activity result in for type 2 diabetes

Answer 27

lower risk for development

Question 28

what type of cancer has the most protective effect from physical activity

Answer 28

colon and breast

Question 29

colon cancer sedentary lifestyle

Answer 29

linked to an increased risk of colon cancer in men and women

Question 30

breast cancer physical activity

Answer 30

reduces the risk of breast cancer following a dose- response pattern

Question 31

does higher levels of musculoskeletal fitness have high or lower mortality

Answer 31

lower

Question 32

physical fitness/activity and risk of premature mortality and chronic disease have what type of relationship

Answer 32

inverse

Question 33

how can individuals change their risk of chronic disease or premature mortality

Answer 33

changing their level of physical acitivity

Question 34

energy expenditure division

Answer 34

non-exercise activity thermogenesis | voluntary physical activity

Question 35

NEAT

Answer 35

non-exercise activity thermogenesis

Question 36

what can moderate intensity lifestyle physical activities contribute

Answer 36

to health similar to structured exercise

Question 37

4 reasons to measure physical activity levels

Answer 37

direct relationship with disease endpoints indirect relationship with disease through the effects of activity on diet or body weight ability to study physical activity patterns, determinants, and barriers in different groups to evaluate physical activity interventions

Question 38

what days of the week should physical activity assessment method include

Answer 38

both week days and weekends

Question 39

what should physical activity assessments use

Answer 39

reliable and valid assessment methods

Question 40

reliable

Answer 40

reproducible, giving the same results for a given amount of physical activity

Question 41

valid

Answer 41

accurately measures what it is intended to measure

Question 42

questionnaires

Answer 42

range from single question to highly detailed

Question 43

diaries

Answer 43

range from simple to highly detailed

Question 44

activitygram

Answer 44

detailed minute by minute account of activity

Question 45

pedometers

Answer 45

detect vertical accelerations of the body and record a step when vertical acceleration exceeds a threshold value

Question 46

are pedometers accurate for recording the number of steps taken and distance walked

Answer 46

yes

Question 47

is a pedometer more reliable for slow or fast paced walking

Answer 47

fast

Question 48

is accuracy different by type of walking or running surface

Answer 48

no

Question 49

what is more accurate step count of kilo-calorie estimates

Answer 49

step count

Question 50

2 problems with pedometers

Answer 50

decreased sensitivity if tilted away from vertical plane | ankle devise is senstive enough to detect frail, slow, shuffling steps

Question 51

if obese will a pedometer have trouble recording steps

Answer 51

if belt is tilted

Question 52

what kind of pedometer overcomes tilting problems

Answer 52

piezoelectric

Question 53

accelerometers

Answer 53

measure movement based on acceleration and deceleration of the body

Question 54

where can an accelerometer be worn

Answer 54

trunk of limbs

Question 55

what is the meaurement of accelerometer

Answer 55

proportional to muscular force

Question 56

what are most results from a accelerometers

Answer 56

proportion to energy expenditure

Question 57

what is an accelerometer used for

Answer 57

to ascertain time, frequency, and duration of physical fitness activity performed at various intensities

Question 58

3 advantages of accelerometers

Answer 58

small size and ability to record data over long periods of time ability to download data and to segment physical activity time periods same accelerometer can be worn repeatedly by different participants

Question 59

4 limitations of accelerometeres

Answer 59

requires more time and resources than pedometer single-plane models may not accurately detect movement from activities such as bicycling, weightlifting, or swimming unable to detect increased activity levels resulting from upper body movement, carrying load, or surface change equations that estimate energy expenditure may not apply to free-living situations

Question 60

what is HR related to VO2 during submaximal aerobic activites

Answer 60

linearly

Question 61

what is HR monitoring good for

Answer 61

assessment of physical activity practical way to estimate energy expenditure able to store date

Question 62

2 limitation of HR monitor

Answer 62

HR is increased by temp, humidity, and high altitudes emotional state, hydration, type of contraction, and amount of muscle mass recruited will affect HR independent of physical activity level

Question 63

what can GPS provide

Answer 63

accurate assessment of speed, ranging from slow to fast walking

Question 64

what can GPS not be used for

Answer 64

stationary activity

Question 65

how should you choose a method

Answer 65

most appropriate to achieve your purpose

Question 66

what should you weigh the cost of assessment to

Answer 66

quality of data obtained

Question 67

what can a combination of physical activity assessments provide

Answer 67

most accurate estimate of physical activity