UNIT 2 CH 12 & 13 Flashcards
physical activity
any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles that substantially increases energy expenditure
is physical activity difficult to measure
to measure precisely
physical fitness
an attained set of attributes that relates to the ability to perform physical activity
can physical fitness be measured
accurately and precisely
what influences physical fitness
inherited factors and volitional increases in physical activity
is physical fitness readily measurable in large epidemiological studies
no
why is physical fitness relationship steeper than physical activity
measurement error in physical activity studies
what should public health initiatives target
physical activity because that will increase physical fitness levels
aerobics center longitudinal study
prospective observational study of physical activity, physical fitness, and health outcomes among men and women
ACLS who and what
10,000 men and 3,000 women followed 8 years for all cause mortality in relation to initial level of cardiorespiratory fitness
harvard alumni study
prospective observational study
harvard alumni study
who
17,000 men
where does strongest evidence of changes in physical activity or fitness and all-cause mortality
from studies of physical activity or fitness changes over time and their relationship with mortality
is it easy or difficult to demonstrate changes in actual risk of disease caused by changes in physical activity levels
difficult
what are the minimum requirements for studying change in physical activity or fitness and all-cause mortality
assessment of physical activity or fitness twice separated by a significant period of time, along with a subsequent follow-up period for ascertainment of mortality
what is the most studied chronic disease in relation to physical fitness/activity
coronary heart disease
cardioprotective
physical activity
proartherogenic
inacitivity
what is the primary prevention of CVD and stroke
regular physical activity
is physical activity a modifiable or fixed risk in CVD
major modifiable risk
what is relative risk of CHD in sedentary versus active occupations
1.4 times greater
what is relative risk of CHD for low versus high nonoccupational physical activity
1.6 times greater
does physical inactivity increase risk of stroke
yes
physicians’ health study
inverse trend between physical activity and total stroke incidence
relationship stronger for hemorrhagic stroke than for ischemic
what is the relationship for physical fitness/activity and hypertension
inverse
can exercise training lower resting blood pressure
yes