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CEP > UNIT 2 CH 12 & 13 > Flashcards

UNIT 2 CH 12 & 13 Flashcards

1
Q

physical activity

A

any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles that substantially increases energy expenditure

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2
Q

is physical activity difficult to measure

A

to measure precisely

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3
Q

physical fitness

A

an attained set of attributes that relates to the ability to perform physical activity

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4
Q

can physical fitness be measured

A

accurately and precisely

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5
Q

what influences physical fitness

A

inherited factors and volitional increases in physical activity

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6
Q

is physical fitness readily measurable in large epidemiological studies

A

no

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7
Q

why is physical fitness relationship steeper than physical activity

A

measurement error in physical activity studies

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8
Q

what should public health initiatives target

A

physical activity because that will increase physical fitness levels

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9
Q

aerobics center longitudinal study

A

prospective observational study of physical activity, physical fitness, and health outcomes among men and women

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10
Q

ACLS who and what

A

10,000 men and 3,000 women followed 8 years for all cause mortality in relation to initial level of cardiorespiratory fitness

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11
Q

harvard alumni study

A

prospective observational study

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12
Q

harvard alumni study

who

A

17,000 men

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13
Q

where does strongest evidence of changes in physical activity or fitness and all-cause mortality

A

from studies of physical activity or fitness changes over time and their relationship with mortality

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14
Q

is it easy or difficult to demonstrate changes in actual risk of disease caused by changes in physical activity levels

A

difficult

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15
Q

what are the minimum requirements for studying change in physical activity or fitness and all-cause mortality

A

assessment of physical activity or fitness twice separated by a significant period of time, along with a subsequent follow-up period for ascertainment of mortality

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16
Q

what is the most studied chronic disease in relation to physical fitness/activity

A

coronary heart disease

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17
Q

cardioprotective

A

physical activity

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18
Q

proartherogenic

A

inacitivity

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19
Q

what is the primary prevention of CVD and stroke

A

regular physical activity

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20
Q

is physical activity a modifiable or fixed risk in CVD

A

major modifiable risk

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21
Q

what is relative risk of CHD in sedentary versus active occupations

A

1.4 times greater

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22
Q

what is relative risk of CHD for low versus high nonoccupational physical activity

A

1.6 times greater

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23
Q

does physical inactivity increase risk of stroke

A

yes

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24
Q

physicians’ health study

A

inverse trend between physical activity and total stroke incidence
relationship stronger for hemorrhagic stroke than for ischemic

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25
Q

what is the relationship for physical fitness/activity and hypertension

A

inverse

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26
Q

can exercise training lower resting blood pressure

A

yes

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27
Q

what does greater levels of physical activity result in for type 2 diabetes

A

lower risk for development

28
Q

what type of cancer has the most protective effect from physical activity

A

colon and breast

29
Q

colon cancer sedentary lifestyle

A

linked to an increased risk of colon cancer in men and women

30
Q

breast cancer physical activity

A

reduces the risk of breast cancer following a dose- response pattern

31
Q

does higher levels of musculoskeletal fitness have high or lower mortality

32
Q

physical fitness/activity and risk of premature mortality and chronic disease have what type of relationship

33
Q

how can individuals change their risk of chronic disease or premature mortality

A

changing their level of physical acitivity

34
Q

energy expenditure division

A

non-exercise activity thermogenesis

voluntary physical activity

35
Q

NEAT

A

non-exercise activity thermogenesis

36
Q

what can moderate intensity lifestyle physical activities contribute

A

to health similar to structured exercise

37
Q

4 reasons to measure physical activity levels

A

direct relationship with disease endpoints
indirect relationship with disease through the effects of activity on diet or body weight
ability to study physical activity patterns, determinants, and barriers in different groups
to evaluate physical activity interventions

38
Q

what days of the week should physical activity assessment method include

A

both week days and weekends

39
Q

what should physical activity assessments use

A

reliable and valid assessment methods

40
Q

reliable

A

reproducible, giving the same results for a given amount of physical activity

41
Q

valid

A

accurately measures what it is intended to measure

42
Q

questionnaires

A

range from single question to highly detailed

43
Q

diaries

A

range from simple to highly detailed

44
Q

activitygram

A

detailed minute by minute account of activity

45
Q

pedometers

A

detect vertical accelerations of the body and record a step when vertical acceleration exceeds a threshold value

46
Q

are pedometers accurate for recording the number of steps taken and distance walked

47
Q

is a pedometer more reliable for slow or fast paced walking

48
Q

is accuracy different by type of walking or running surface

49
Q

what is more accurate step count of kilo-calorie estimates

A

step count

50
Q

2 problems with pedometers

A

decreased sensitivity if tilted away from vertical plane

ankle devise is senstive enough to detect frail, slow, shuffling steps

51
Q

if obese will a pedometer have trouble recording steps

A

if belt is tilted

52
Q

what kind of pedometer overcomes tilting problems

A

piezoelectric

53
Q

accelerometers

A

measure movement based on acceleration and deceleration of the body

54
Q

where can an accelerometer be worn

A

trunk of limbs

55
Q

what is the meaurement of accelerometer

A

proportional to muscular force

56
Q

what are most results from a accelerometers

A

proportion to energy expenditure

57
Q

what is an accelerometer used for

A

to ascertain time, frequency, and duration of physical fitness activity performed at various intensities

58
Q

3 advantages of accelerometers

A

small size and ability to record data over long periods of time
ability to download data and to segment physical activity time periods
same accelerometer can be worn repeatedly by different participants

59
Q

4 limitations of accelerometeres

A

requires more time and resources than pedometer
single-plane models may not accurately detect movement from activities such as bicycling, weightlifting, or swimming
unable to detect increased activity levels resulting from upper body movement, carrying load, or surface change
equations that estimate energy expenditure may not apply to free-living situations

60
Q

what is HR related to VO2 during submaximal aerobic activites

61
Q

what is HR monitoring good for

A

assessment of physical activity
practical way to estimate energy expenditure
able to store date

62
Q

2 limitation of HR monitor

A

HR is increased by temp, humidity, and high altitudes
emotional state, hydration, type of contraction, and amount of muscle mass recruited will affect HR independent of physical activity level

63
Q

what can GPS provide

A

accurate assessment of speed, ranging from slow to fast walking

64
Q

what can GPS not be used for

A

stationary activity

65
Q

how should you choose a method

A

most appropriate to achieve your purpose

66
Q

what should you weigh the cost of assessment to

A

quality of data obtained

67
Q

what can a combination of physical activity assessments provide

A

most accurate estimate of physical activity

CEP (6 decks)

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