Unit 2 cells and control

Question 1

Eukaryotic

Answer 1

Have a nucleus

Question 2

Prokaryotic

Answer 2

No nucleus

Question 3

Cell wall

Answer 3

Plant cells

Supports cell and keeps it rigid

Question 4

Large vacuole

Answer 4

Plant cell

Question 5

Chloroplasts

Answer 5

Plant cells

Where photosynthesis happens

Question 6

Ribosomes

Answer 6

Synthesise proteins

Question 7

Mitochrondia

Answer 7

Respiration

Question 8

Cell membrane

Answer 8

Holds cell together

Controls what comes in and out

Question 9

Cytoplasm

Answer 9

Chemical reactions happen here

Question 10

Nucleus

Answer 10

Contains genetic material

Question 11

Flagella

Answer 11

Bacteria cells

Used to make the cell move like a tail

Question 12

Chromosomal DNA

Answer 12

One long circular chromosome

Bacteria cells

Question 13

Plasmid DNA

Answer 13

Small loops of extra dna

Bacteria cells

Question 14

Haploid

Answer 14

Egg cells and sperm cells

Question 15

Ciliates épithélial cells are for

Answer 15

Moving materials

Question 16

What are stem cells?

Answer 16

Embryonic stem cells can become almost any cell type in the body, they are pluripotent. Can only be found in the embryo stage of development

Question 17

What are Adult stem cells?

Answer 17

Only found in certain places in the body within differentiated tissues like bone marrow. They can not become a limited range of cell types , they are multipotent

Question 18

What are benefits of using embryonic stem cells?

Answer 18

Easy to remove from the embryo, pluripotent and could treat a vast number of diseases, could be cloned from patients own cells in order to avoid rejection

Question 19

What are drawbacks to using embryonic stem cells?

Answer 19

Ethical issues with destroying embryos, some people believe it is murder. Could also lead to illegal cloning of humans

Question 20

What are risks of using embryonic stem cells?

Answer 20

Risk of rejection if the stem cells are from another person

Question 21

What are benefits of using adult stem cells?

Answer 21

No ethical issues, if taken from the person who is being treated then there won’t be any rejection

Question 22

What are drawbacks of using adult stem cells?

Answer 22

Multipotent and only treat a limited range of diseases, difficult to identify and remove from tissues in the body

Question 23

What are risks of using adult stem cells?

Answer 23

May be rejected if used from a different person

Question 24

What two organs make up the central nervous system?

Answer 24

The brain and spinal cord

Question 25

What are changes in the external or internal environment known as?

Answer 25

Stimuli (plural) | Stimulus (singular)

Question 26

What are the three different types of neurones called?

Answer 26

Sensory, relay, and motor

Question 27

What is the purpose of the reflex arc ?

Answer 27

To make the response quicker and to protect the body from danger

Question 28

What is the gap between two neurones called?

Answer 28

A synapse

Question 29

How does the nervous response work?

Answer 29

The body detects a stimulus, this is detected by a receptor, this sends an impulse along the sensory response to the CNS. The impulse then travels to the motor neurone which passes it to the effector which brings about a response

Question 30

How does the reflex arc work?

Answer 30

The body detects a stimulus, this is detected by a receptor. This sends an impulse along the sensory neurone, across the synapse to the relay neurone, which passes it to the effector which brings about a response

Question 31

What is the Acronym to remember the reflex arc?

Answer 31

``` Squishy, Rolos, Squishy, Squishy, Rolos, Squishy, Men, Eat, Rolos ```

Question 32

What is the acronym to remember the nervous response?

Answer 32

``` Super Reliable Slut Clarissa Makes Everyone Run ```

Question 33

What is a synapse ? And what does it convert?

Answer 33

A synapse is a gap between neurones. It converts electrical energy from the impulse in the neurone to chemical energy in the synapse. They also stop the impulse going the wrong way through the reflex arc

Question 34

What are neurotransmitters ? (In synapses)

Answer 34

They are chemicals that diffuse along the synapse, they are detected by the next neurone and then a new electrical impulse is made .

Question 35

What is a neurone ?

Answer 35

Spécialisée cells that transmits electrical nerve impulses

Question 36

What is an allele ?

Answer 36

A different version of the same gene

Question 37

What is a genotype

Answer 37

The description of someone’s genes eg BB Bb or bb

Question 38

What is a phenotype ?

Answer 38

A physical description of someone due to their genotype. They will have blue eyes etc