Unit 2 - biodiversity Flashcards
What are the three levels of biodiversity?
Genetic, species, ecosystem
What is genetic diversity?
the sum of all the different traits/characteristics found in a species (sum of all the different genes found in a species)
- high genetic diversity (sexual reproduction) allows for better chances of survival due to higher adaptability rates
- lower genetic diversity (asexual reproduction) more susceptible to diseases pray etc
The sum of all the different genes in a species?
Genetic diversity
What is species diversity?
Variety of species found in an area
- ecosystems = connections between species, therefore higher species diversity = healthier ecosystem (also helps survive environmental changes)
Variety of species found in an area
species diversity
What is ecosystem diversity?
Total number of habitats and organisms in an ecosystem, including all the connections between them.
- ecosystems can be large or small, eg. humans are a ‘walking ecosystem’
total number of habitats and organisms in an ecosystem, including all the connections between them.
ecosystem diveristy
Masss extinction?
Occurs when over 70% of living things die (we are currently in the midst of one)
definition of classification?
grouping similar things for a specific reason
Why do we need to classify?
- understand evolution and relationships between species
- Properly name-new organisms (and determine whether they are actually new)
- distinguish between harmful and non harmful organims
History of classification?
- Untill the 1800’s eveything was classified as either a plant or an animal
- plant (consitantly grew, didnt eat other organisms, did not move)
- animal (grew untill a certain point, moved, ate other things) - Around the 1990’s it expanded into 5 kingdoms
- protists
- fungi
- animals
- plants
- monera (microscopic organisms)
Current classifications/kingdoms
- plants
- animals
- protists
- fungi
- archaebacteria
- bacteria
*1234 are eukaryotes, 56 are prokaryotes
How do we classify organisms?
- Number of cells
- multicellular/ uni-cellular - Nutrition
- autotroph/heterotroph - Habitat
- where does it live? - Type of cell
- eukaryotic/prokaryotic - reproduction
- sexual/asexual
What are the domains?
- Archeabacetria (only contains archeabateria)
- Eubacteria (only contains bacteria)
- Eukarya (plants, animals, protists, fungi)
What is a species?
Organisms that are able to freely breed under natural conditions and produce fertile offspring (similar structure)
Morphology
species that produce asexually
Hybridization
The exception to the species rule. Two different species crossbreed
Who is the father of taxonomy ratings/the inventor of the binomial nomenclature?
Carl Linnaeus
Taxonomy ratings
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
- it becomes more specific down the list
Binomial nomenclature?
Genus, species
eg. Canus, lupus
Genus is capitalized. Species are lowercased. If typing, italicized, if writing, underline
Dichotomous key
- a list of yes or no questions that scientists can use to classify different relatedness
- used to classify and identify species
- looks like a family tree when graphed
What is the history of a species based on?
- molecular genetics
- the iBOL uses a barcode system to scan a species DNA - Development similarities
- similar embryonic stages suggest that organisms evolved from one thing
- ie. All vertebrae have gills during the early embryonic stages, suggesting that they all came from one common ancestor - Structural similarities
- similar structures but different functions (eg. bone structure in legs)
Homologous structural similarities?
Same anatomical structure, different functions
Analogous structural similarities?
Same anatomical structure, same functions (ie. like wings in bats vs birds)