unit 2 ap psych

Question 1

chromosomes

Answer 1

46 in each cell, made up of DNA that contains our genes

Question 2

genome

Answer 2

all the genes that make up an organism

Question 3

nature vs nurture debate

Answer 3

whether or not we are more influenced by genetics or our environment

Question 4

behavior geneticists

Answer 4

study the effects of genetics and environment on our behavior

Question 5

twin and adoption studies

Answer 5

separated identical twins have very similar traits, more than siblings raised together.

Question 6

heritability

Answer 6

how much of variation in a group of individuals is due to genetics, explanation of differences that are due to genetic factors

Question 7

molecular geneticists

Answer 7

study molecular structure and function of genes

Question 8

epigenetic

Answer 8

how the environment effects which genes are expressed

Question 9

evolutionary psychologists

Answer 9

focus on principles of natural selection to explain our behavior and mind

Question 10

endocrine system

Answer 10

body’s chemical communication system

Question 11

pituitary gland

Answer 11

master gland, controlled by hypothalamus

Question 12

hypothalamus

Answer 12

in charge of metabolism, sleep, emotion, and blood pressure

Question 13

endocrine glands

Answer 13

pineal gland, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland in the brain

Question 14

glands in neck

Answer 14

thyroid and parathyroid gland

Question 15

gland near kidney

Answer 15

adrenal glands

Question 16

gland near stomach

Answer 16

pancreas

Question 17

hormone

Answer 17

chemical messengers sent through blood stream, slower than neurotransmitters, last longer and have huge role in development

Question 18

pineal gland

Answer 18

produces melanin and helps regulate circadian rhythm

Question 19

hypothalamus function

Answer 19

four F’s
fighting, feeding, fleeing, mating

Question 20

pituitary function

Answer 20

controls growth and produces hormones like oxytocin, promotes pair bonding and social trust

Question 21

thyroid gland

Answer 21

effects metabolism

Question 22

parathyroid gland

Answer 22

regulate calcium in blood

Question 23

adrenal gland

Answer 23

trigger fight or flight, release epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine, connected to autonomic nervous system (involuntary)

Question 24

pancreas gland

Answer 24

controls level of blood sugar with insulin and helps digestion

Question 25

testis and ovaries

Answer 25

reproductive organs that produce sex hormones that promote growth

Question 26

cortisol

Answer 26

released by adrenal glands to increase blood glucose levels

Question 27

nervous system

Answer 27

body's electrochemical messaging system, very fast

Question 28

central nervous system

Answer 28

Brian and spinal cord

Question 29

peripheral nervous system

Answer 29

connects sensory and motor systems to central nervous system

Question 30

reflex

Answer 30

automatic response created by pathway in spinal cord

Question 31

somatic nervous system

Answer 31

part of PNS, voluntary movement

Question 32

autonomic nervous system

Answer 32

part of PNS, involuntary movement

Question 33

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 33

part of ANS, arousal like nervousness

Question 34

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 34

part of ANS, rest and relaxation

Question 35

sensory neurons/afferent neurons

Answer 35

carry incoming sensory info to the CNS

Question 36

interneurons

Answer 36

inter-CNS communication

Question 37

motor neurons/ efferent neurons

Answer 37

carries message from CNS to where it needs to go

Question 38

neurons

Answer 38

nerve cells

Question 39

dendrite

Answer 39

branches that receives information and transfers it to cell body

Question 40

axon

Answer 40

passes message to terminal branches

Question 41

cell body / soma

Answer 41

cell's support system

Question 42

myelin sheath

Answer 42

fatty layer that covers axon and speeds up signaling, like the coating around a cord

Question 43

terminal branches

Answer 43

passes message to other neurons or parts of the body, neurotransmitters are released and uptaken by the next neuron

Question 44

action potential

Answer 44

must occur for message to pass down the axon

Question 45

threshold

Answer 45

the amount of stimulation necessary for a neuron to fire

Question 46

depolarization

Answer 46

when threshold is met and message travels down the neuron

Question 47

all-or-none response

Answer 47

neurons either fire or don't

Question 48

excitatory

Answer 48

pushes neurons accelerator

Question 49

inhibitory

Answer 49

pushes neurons brakes

Question 50

reuptake

Answer 50

neurons that are not absorbed by the next neuron or body part are taken back in by the original

Question 51

antagonist neurotransmitter

Answer 51

blocks response

Question 52

agonists

Answer 52

mimic effects of a neurotransmitter

Question 53

Acetylcholine (Ach)

Answer 53

enables muscle action, learning, and memory with alhzeimers, ACh deteriorates

Question 54

Dopamine

Answer 54

influences learning, attention, movement and emotion lack of dopamine can lead to tremors and decreased mobility too much can lead to schizophrenia

Question 55

serotonin

Answer 55

affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal undersupply --> depression

Question 56

Noepinephrine

Answer 56

helps control alertness and arousal undersupply can depress mood

Question 57

GABA

Answer 57

major inhibitory molecule undersupply --> tremors, insomnia

Question 58

Glutamate

Answer 58

major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in memory

Question 59

endorphins

Answer 59

diminishes pain and acts as natural sedative

Question 60

oldest brain structures

Answer 60

brainstem, thalamus, cerebellum

Question 61

brainstem

Answer 61

composed of pons, medulla, and midbrain

Question 62

midbrain

Answer 62

reflexes, sleep/awakeness, consciousness

Question 63

pons

Answer 63

balance and reflexes

Question 64

medulla oblongata

Answer 64

vital body functions, breathing, HR, BP