Semester 1 FRQ Review Flashcards
Independent Variable
What is being studied/changed in an experiment
Dependent Variable
What is being measured in an experiment
Control Group
Base of comparison that has not been effected by IV
Experimental Group
group being tested with IV
confounding variables
other variables that effect the experiment
double blind experiment
both the experimenter and subjects are unaware of which group they are assigned to and what is being studied to prevent bias
single blind experiment
the subject is unaware of which group they are a part of to prevent bias
confidentiality
the identity of the subject must remain secret
debriefing
experiment is explained to subject after they are tested
statistical significance
results are not due to chance
positive correlation
variables have direct influence on each other
negative correlation
variables have an indirect influence on each other
illusory correlation
seeing correlation when there really isn’t any
structuralism
introspection and focus on the structure of the mind
functionalism
focus on purpose of behaviors
psychoanalytic/dynamic
behavior from childhood unconsciously influences our present behavior
behavioral
behavior is learned and reinforced
humanistic
behavior is influenced by free will, choice, ideals, and actualization
cognitive
behavior is influenced by perception and thoughts
evolutionary
behavior is influenced by genes
biological
behavior is influenced by brain and neurotransmitters
sociocultural
behavior is influenced by society
biopsychosocial
behavior is influenced by society and biology
selective attention
focusing on one form of sensory input and dismissing another (or all others)
positive reinforcement
adding a pleasurable stimulus to reinforce a behavior
negative reinforcement
removing an unpleasurable stimulus to reinforce a behavior
positive punishment
adding an unpleasurable stimulus to decrease a certain behavior
negative punishment
removing a pleasurable stimulus to decrease a certain behavior
fixed-ratio schedule
behavior is reinforced after a certain number of behaviors has occured
variable-ratio schedule
behavior is reinforced after a random number of behaviors have occured
fixed-interval schedule
behavior is reinforced after a certain amount of time has passed
learned helplessness
after facing continuous negative situations one gives up even when they can escape the situation
external locus of control
belief that things are outside of your control
internal locus of control
belief that you control things
Central Nervous System
Brain and Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Autonomic and Somatic Nervous Systems
Autonomic NS
involuntary movement
somatic NS
voluntary movement
hindbrain
oldest part of the brain
cerebellum
movement and balance
medulla
homeostatic control of vital organs
pons
sleep and arousal
forebrain
higher thought processes
amygdala
fear and emotions
hippocampus
memory
hypothalamus
reward and pleasure center, eating behaviors
thalamus
relays sensory information (except for smell)
cerebral cortex
outer portion of the brain responsible for higher thought processes
occpital lobe
vision
parietal lobe
touch, sensations
frontal lobe
personality, decision making, planning, judgement
temporal lobe
hearing and facial recognition
somatosensory cortex
map of our sensory cortex in parietal lobe
motor cortex
map of our motor receptors in frontal lobe
wernicke’s area
understanding what we are saying
broca’s area
ability to speak
corpus callosum
bundle of nerves between hemisphere that connect them
circadian rhythm
24 hour biological clock for temperature, sleep, heartbeat
framing
the way a question is posed can influence the response
functional fixedness
inability to use an object in another way than it is typically used.
confirmation bias
tendency of an individual to search for things that support their belief but dismiss things that counter it
