unit 2 aos1 Flashcards
attention (3)
refers to the level of awareness directed towards certain stimuli to the exclusion of others. sustained, selective and divided
sustained attention
Sustained attention, also known as vigilance, involve maintaining a high degree of attention over a prolonged period
selective attention
focus our attention on a single activity and disregard other environmental stimuli
divided attention
involves distributing one’s attention to allow for the processing of two or more stimuli at the same time
perception
the process of selecting, organising, and interpreting sensory information
sensation
the process of receiving and detecting raw sensory stimuli via sensory organs and sending this information to the brain
sensory stimuli
the raw pieces of information that are detected by the five senses
Top down processing
the processing of sensory information by applying prior knowledge and expectations
bottom up processing
the processing of sensory information beginning with salient sensory data, which is then integrated to form a bigger picture
2 biological factors that influence visual perception
monocular and binocular depth cues
monocular depth cues (+1)
depth cues that only require one eye to send information to the brain to perceive depth. includes accomodation
accomodation
the ability of the eye to change focus from near to distant objects and back again. when we focus on distant objects, our ciliary muscles relax and when we focus on near objects our ciliary muscles contract
binocular depth cues (+2)
depth cues that require both eyes to send information to the brain to perceive depth. includes convergence and retinal disparity
convergence
a biological depth cue that involves the brain interpreting tension changes in the muscles around the eyes
retinal disparity
the brain detecting similarities and differences between the information being sent from each eye, due to the eyes being 6–7 cm apart