unit 1 aos1 part 2

Question 1

typical development

Answer 1

when a child’s behaviours, skills or abilities fall within the expected range of development or progress at a similar pace compared to peers of the same age. developmental milestones

Question 2

typical behaviours

Answer 2

patterns of behaviour that are expected of an individual or that conform to the standards of what is acceptable

Question 3

atypical development

Answer 3

when behavious, skills or abilities fall outside the expected range of development compared to peers of similar age

Question 4

atypical behaviour

Answer 4

not expected for an individual or that deviate from the norm and can be harmful or distressing for the individual and those around them

Question 5

psychological criteria to categorise typical and atypical behaviour (5)

Answer 5

cultural perspectives, social norms, statistical rarity, personal distress, maladaptive behaviour

Question 6

cultural perspectives

Answer 6

using cultural norms or standards to determine whether behaviours are acceptable or typical for a certain culture

Question 7

social norms

Answer 7

shared standards or social beliefs of what is normal, acceptable or typical behaviour.

Question 8

statistical rarity

Answer 8

behaviours that are considered abnormal or atypical deviate significantly from the statistical average or mean

Question 9

personal distress

Answer 9

unpleasant or upsetting emotions that can lead to behaviours that are atypical

Question 10

maladaptive behaviour

Answer 10

is the behaviour that is unhelpful, dysfunctional and nonproductive

Question 11

strength and limitation of the cultural perspective

Answer 11

strength: enables different cultural contexts to be taken into account, limitation: in a multicultural society, different norms can intersect, making it difficult to isolate certain cultural influences

Question 12

strength and limitation for social norm

Answer 12

strength: acts as a baseline to compare behaviours allowing easy identification of atypicality. limitation: must depend on situations or contexts that we find ourselves in

Question 13

strength and limit of statistical rarity

Answer 13

strength: provides an objective perspective. limitation: not all statistical rarities are damaging or negative

Question 14

strength and limit of personal distress:

Answer 14

strength: provides visual indication that someone is behaving in a way that is uncommon. limitation: some people may conceal personal distress

Question 15

strength and limit of maladaptive behaviour

Answer 15

strength: enables the consideration of the consequences of behaviour. Limit: what is considered maladaptive is subjective and can change depending on who is judging the behaviour

Question 16

normality

Answer 16

the state of having thoughts, feelings and behaviours that are considered common and acceptable

Question 17

abnormality

Answer 17

the state of deviating from the norm, usually in a way that is undesirable

Question 18

neurotypicality

Answer 18

individuals who display neurological and cognitive functioning that is typical or expected

Question 19

neurodiversity

Answer 19

variations in neurological development and functioning within and between groups of people, such as those experienced autism

Question 20

adaptive

Answer 20

to describe emotions, behaviours and cognitions that enable us to adjust to our environment appropriately and cope most effectively.

Question 21

maladaptive

Answer 21

to describe emotions, behaviours and cognitions that interfere with our ability ro adjust to our environment

Question 22

maladaptive emotions

Answer 22

very intense or overwhelming emotions that occur frequently, persist for extended periods of time without interruption or are inappropriate for the situation

Question 23

cognitions

Answer 23

are mental processes that involve acquiring, processing and understanding information or knowledge. adaptive or maladaptive cognitions

Question 24

adaptive cognitions

Answer 24

ways of thinking that benefit our survival and wellbeing

Question 25

maladaptive cognitions

Answer 25

irrational thoughts or beliefs that distort a person’s perception of reality, usually in a negative way

Question 26

autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Answer 26

a condition that affects how a person thinks, feels, interacts with others, and experiences their environment.

Question 27

ASD signs and symptoms (4)

Answer 27

poor communication and social skills, lacks the ability to understand emotional and social cues, poor/non-verbal communication, struggles to form and maintain relationships

Question 28

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 28

is marked by an ongoing pattern of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity

Question 29

inattention

Answer 29

a person may have difficulty staying on task, sustaining focus and staying organised

Question 30

hyperactivity

Answer 30

means a person may seem to move about constantly including in situations when it is not appropriate

Question 31

impulsivity

Answer 31

a person may act without thinking or have difficulty with self control

Question 32

ADHD requirements (4)

Answer 32

excessive for the developmental age, need to be present before 12, persisted for longer than 6 months, impairment across multiple settings