Unit 2: Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

B Lymphocytes

Answer 1

-Humoral immunity
-Secretion of ANTIBODIES by plasma cells
-Defend against: bacteria , toxins, viruses in body fluids

Question 2

T-Lymphocyte

Answer 2

-Cell-mediated immunity
-Production of cytokines by helper T cells
- Lysis of cells by cytotoxic T cells

Question 3

Define Antigen

Answer 3

Antibody generators confer specificity

Question 4

Define Epitope

Answer 4

Recognition sites for B or T cells

Question 5

Define antigen receptors

Answer 5

Recognize certain antigens only

Question 6

B Cells

Answer 6

Membrane antibodies or B cell receptors ( BCR’s)

Question 7

T Cells

Answer 7

T cell receptors (TCR)

Question 8

Specificity

Answer 8

B & T cells have receptors (BCRS & TCRS) that can recognize and bind to specific antigens

Question 9

Diversity

Answer 9

B & T - lymphocytes have the ability to recognize billions of different epitopes

Question 10

Memory

Answer 10

First exposure to antigens selects/expands clones of B&T cells effector cell (deal w/ pathogen) and memory cells (long lived) subsequent exposure to antigen is faster / greater magnitude (memory cells)

Question 11

Self-Tolerance

Answer 11

During their development B & T cells that recognize self antigen are deleted

Autoimmune disease= failure of self tolerance

Question 12

3 types of T cells

Answer 12

1) helper T cells
2) cytotoxic T Cells
3) Regulatory T cells

Question 13

Helper T cells

Answer 13

Secrete cytokinesis that enhance activity of b cells and other t cells

Question 14

Cytotoxic T cells

Answer 14

Kill virus - infected cells and abnormal cells

Question 15

Regulatory T cells

Answer 15

secrete cytokines that suppress activity of B cells and other T cells

Question 16

Which T cell expresses CD4?

Answer 16

Helper T Cells

Question 17

Which T cell expresses CD8?

Answer 17

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 18

Which T cell binds to MHC class ll?

Answer 18

Helper T cells

Question 19

Which T cell binds to MHC class 1?

Answer 19

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 20

Which T cell kills cells infected with/ viruses and tumor cells?

Answer 20

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 21

What are perforins? What cell are they associated with?

Answer 21

Form pore in membrane of infected cell.
-cytotoxic cell

Question 22

What are cytokines? What T cell are they associated with?

Answer 22

Associated with Helper T cells
-stimulate and regulate immune response

Question 23

Effector Cells

Answer 23

-combat antigen that stimulated production
-short lived

Question 24

Memory cells

Answer 24

-long lived
-antigen specific

Question 25

Primary Immune Response

Answer 25

-first exposure to antigen
-10-17 days to occur
-symptoms of illness occur during these days

Question 26

Secondary Immune Response

Answer 26

-subsequent exposures to antigen
- 2-7 days to occur
- greater magnitude response and more prolonged
- occurs due to presence or memory cells