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Everything science > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define matter

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space

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2
Q

Define atom

A

The smallest unit of matter

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3
Q

What are the three things that make up an atom

A

Electrons, protons, neutrons

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4
Q

Whats a nucleus made of

A

Protons and neutrons

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5
Q

What particle is positively charged

A

Proton

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6
Q

What particle is neutrally charged, meaning not charged?

A

Neutrons

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7
Q

Electrons have what type of charge?

A

Negative

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8
Q

What does an atom look like

A

A cumulation of protons and neutrons at the center called the nucleus, surrounded by a cloud like structure made of electrons,the thicker/denser the cloud is, the more electrons.

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9
Q

Electrons ____ around the nucleus

A

Orbit to fast to pin point

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10
Q

What 2 proporties are used to differentiate matter?

A

Physical and chemical

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11
Q

Some examples of physical properties are

A 
color
size
desity 
malleability 
magnetism 
boiling/melting point
solubility
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12
Q

What’s the difference between chemical and physical changes?

A

Physical is typically reversible, just changing the state of an object, but chemical changes what the object itself is, and cannot be reversed.

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13
Q

List some chemical properties

A 
Flammability 
Reactivity
Any other change that makes it a new subtance
-color
-energy
-odor
-formation (its physical state)
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14
Q

What is conorvation of mass?

A

The law that states no matter what you do to it, the amount of matter you started will always be the same as what you end with

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15
Q

Explain conservation of mass technicaly

A

The reactant (changed substance) will always equal the mass of the product, no matter where its properties

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16
Q

Solids:features and movment of particles

A

Fixed shape and volume

Vibrate, but fixed positions

17
Q

liquid particles: features and movment of particles

A

Shape can change, volume is fixed, can flow

Free moving no fixed positions

18
Q

Gas particles

A

Move so freely and aren’t packed at all, no mater where they are they will fill the space

19
Q

Gas: features and movment of particles

A

Shape and volume not fixed and depends on container, can flow
Particles move quickly and are far apart

20
Q

Define viscosity

A

Resistance to flow

21
Q

What is vaporization

A

when liquid turns to vapor

22
Q

Why makes elements different from other elements?

A

The different numbers of protons and electrons which when combined result in different properties

23
Q

Define element

A

A type of atom

24
Q

Define atomic number

A

The number of protons an element has, elements are separated bu this because they all have a different number

25
Q

Define atomic mass

A

The average mass of that atom containing that element

26
Q

Define period

A

A row of categorized elements across the periodic table

27
Q

Define group or family

A

A column of of elements in the periodic table. Groups of elements have similar physical and chemical properties

28
Q

What are the rings that make an electron cloud called

A

There are two rigs around the nucleus called energy levels.

29
Q

How many electrons can each ring hold?

A

The first can only hold two with how attracted they are to the center, making them a higher negative charger and hard to remove.
The second has a lower charge and can hold up to eight.

30
Q

While an element always has the same number of protons, ____ varies, and the more it has makes it _____ more

A

Neutrons, weigh

31
Q

Define isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons

32
Q

All atoms at forst have ____ charge, meaning the number of protons is equal too ____

A

Neutral, the number of electrons

33
Q

A charged atom (has more or less electrons then protons) is called

A

An ion

34
Q

Why do atoms combine(give and take an even amount of shit from each other)

A

To become stable, they will give take and even combine to be neutral.

35
Q

Where is an atoms shell?

A

The outer ring of electrons

36
Q

What are the electrons on the outer ring called and what do they do?

A

Valence shells, form chemical bonds with the valence electrons

37
Q

What do two or more atoms combine to form?

A

A molecular compound

38
Q

To figure out the number of neutrons present you

A

Subtract the atomic number(protons/electrons) from the atomic mass (average weight of neutrons)

39
Q

define chemical bond

A

When atoms share electrons

Everything science (6 decks)

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