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Everything science > unit 1 > Flashcards

unit 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define life science or biology

A

The study of all living things, like plants, animals, and even single cell organisms.

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2
Q

Define earth science

A

deals with earth and space-things like planets, stars, and rocks. Earth science studies nonliving things and their history.

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3
Q

define Physical science and what fields it includes.

A

Its all about matter and energy, the most basic building blocks of the universe. It includes physics and chemistry

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4
Q

What is physics essentially?

A

energy interacting with matter

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5
Q

What is chemistry essentially?

A

Matter and how it transforms

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6
Q

What does physics study

A

A single “lego” and all of its properties, like how it moves around and its energy

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7
Q

What does chemistry study

A

How legos fit together to create larger things

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8
Q

What does life science study

A

All possible living things made of legos

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9
Q

What does earth science study

A

All non living things in the lego world

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10
Q

What are the parts of a scientific inquiry in order?

A

Question, background research, which is used to create, hypothesis, which is tested by, observation.Then after this has most likely been repeated, conclusion.

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11
Q

What are the different types of observations?

A

Quantitive and qualitative.

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12
Q

Define a quantitative observation

A

An observation in the form of a measurement of any kind.

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13
Q

Define a qualitative observation

A

Based on the qualities of something

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14
Q

What are the three types of models

A

physical, computer, mathematical

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15
Q

Define scientific theory

A

A proposed explanation for something, its based on many observations and has been extensively tested

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16
Q

what is a scientific idea

A

A prediction after observations are made that evidence may or may not support

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17
Q

Whats a theory

A

An explanation of WHY something happens, based on years of testing and observation

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18
Q

Define scientific law

A

Describes WHAT happens under certain conditions

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19
Q

What is a hypothesis

A

An educated prediction that can be tested

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20
Q

If your observations don’t support your hypothesis what should you do

A

Make q new hypothesis based on your observations and begin scientific inquiry all over again

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21
Q

What can evidence-observations or data- do in scientific inquiry

A

Support or oppose a hypothesis

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22
Q

Evidence is used to ___

A

Test a hypothesis, it’s essentially used to be analyzed and fine out whether or not a hypothesis is true

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23
Q

Difference between theory and law?

A

A theory explains why something happens, a law identifies what happens in nature but not necessarily why

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24
Q

Name three good needed steeps for designing an experiment

A

Observe: something you are curious about
Alter: a previous experiment to better develop your own
Repeat:past experiments to see if you get the same results

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25
Q

Define procedure

A

A step by step list of how to carry out the experiment

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26
Q

Define variables in an experiment

A

The steps, they can either be changed or stay the same

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27
Q

define control

A

The parts of something that were always this way, the variable that was completely unchanged

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28
Q

Define constant

A

the variables in an experiment that remain the same, everything should have this thing

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29
Q

Define an independent variable

A

The one you change

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30
Q

Define dependent variable

A

The variable that is changed by the independent one, aka the result

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31
Q

Data once collected should be turned into a

A

Graph

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32
Q

Line graphs show ___

A

How variables relate based on repetition or change within results

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33
Q

Define engineering

A

A branch of studies that uses the design, building, and use of machines and structures to solve real world problems

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34
Q

Define mechanical engineering

A

deals with mechanical power and designing mechanical systems, machines, and tools; studies forces and motion

35
Q

Define chemical engineering

A

works with raw materials and chemicals; discovers new materials and process

36
Q

Define civil engineering

A

includes designing and constructing buildings, roads, dams and more

37
Q

Define design specs

A

The requirements and engineer must fulfill in their design

38
Q

define constraints

A

Restrictions or limitations that need to be kept in mind when designing (can be physical, social, or financial)

39
Q

Define design statement

A

Essentially a brainstorm of design ideas to solve a problem that need to all be evaluated

40
Q

What is some universal design criteria?

A

Robustness, cost, aesthetics, resources, time ☕️, skill required, safety, elegance

41
Q

Define prototype

A

A preliminary model that can be easily adjusted

42
Q

What is the engineer design process

A
  1. define the problem
  2. do background research
  3. determine design specs and constraints
    4.create a design statement
    5.design and construct prototype
  4. test and evaluate prototype
    If it works make and show off final product, if not back to step 4 💻
43
Q

Line graphs essentially

A

Compare information, put that way its easy to draw conclusions between the independent and dependent variable

44
Q

What is a step by step list of how to carry out an experiment

A

A procedure

45
Q

Whats the variable that is changed on purpose in an experiment by the scientist?

A

Independent variable

46
Q

Whats the factor that is influenced by the independent variable, usually the observed result of an experiment?

A

dependent variable

47
Q

Whats the factors in an experiment that remain the same

A

constants

48
Q

An experiment where all variables are held constant

A

Control

49
Q

What it called when you use evidence to draw conclusions you may not have directly observed

A

Inferring

50
Q

What are the steps of a lab report, be sure you know their definitions too.

A

Title, purpose, background information, hypothesis, materials and equipment, procedure, data that is accurate and precise, conclusion

51
Q

Define precision

A

How consistent and exact your results are

52
Q

Define accuracy

A

How close to the actual value your measurement is

53
Q

Describe the difference between precision and accuracy

A

Precision is how consistent and exact a measurement is, while accuracy is how close to the true or targeted value a measurement is

54
Q

What does a hypothesis tell you in a lab report?

A

It describes the predictions you were testing

55
Q

What does a procedure tell you in a lab report?

A

Its a list of the steps to carry out an experiment, so its telling you how to reproduce the experiment if needed

56
Q

What shod be included in a conclusion?

A

A summary of what you learned, whether your results supported your hypothesis, any errors, and questions for more experiments

57
Q

Describe some reasons why you might be critical of scientific findings

A

The person or group conducting the experiment is biased, data is unreasonable, and/or the results aren’t replicable

58
Q

Define bias

A

A bias is having special interests that prevents you from being objective, basically having special interest that makes the results unreliable

59
Q

Si is and means?

A

it stands for system internationale which is french for international system, it’s essentially a system to tell you what unit to use to measure type of quantity

60
Q

What do all SI units have that can by used to convert between measurement by division and multiplication

A

A multiplier, a set number given to each quantity thats used to convert it

61
Q

Types of measurements are

A 
Length 
Volume
Mass
Weight 
Density 
Temperature 
Time
62
Q

what is the formula to convert celsius to kelvin units?

A

Tk = Tc + 273.15
or
Tc = Tk - 273.15

63
Q

What is the formula to convert between Fahrenheit and celsius

A

Tf = (tc x 9/5) +32
or
Tc = (tf -32) x5/9

64
Q

Define meniscus

A

The curved surface of liquid in a tube, its where you read measurements of a graduated cylinder at eye level

65
Q

If a solid is irregular, whats the best way to find is volume?

A

Measure the volume of the water they displace when you stick it in the water

66
Q

Density is

A

The amount of matter in a certain volume

67
Q

How to measure density

A

Mass/volume

68
Q

What are the SI units for mass, length and temperature?

A

Grams, meters, kelvin

69
Q

Where do you look to take the volume of a reading of a liquid in a graduated cylinder

A

the bottom of the meniscus

70
Q

Volume in a rectangle =?

A

L x W x H

71
Q

Whats the difference between mass and weight

A

Mass is the amount of matter in an object, and weight is the force applied by mass

72
Q

Define volume

A

The amount of space something occupies

73
Q

define density

A

The amount of matter in a volume: something denser will sink below something that is less dense

74
Q

How to use eyewash

A

use and rise your eye immediately for 15 minutes, use if chemicals get in your eye

75
Q

When to use Thermal mitts or tongs

A

Use when handing hot beaker/equipment

76
Q

Whats a fire blanket for

A

Use to smother fire, if a person is on fire, wrap them up and have them roll on the floor

77
Q

what to do if you have a minor burn

A

put under cold running water for at least five minutes, bandage with gause and polysporine

78
Q

Water will not put out what type of fire?

A

Electrical

79
Q

What are the six types of hazardous waste

A 
biological
toxic
radioactive 
flammable 
corrosive chemical
sharp objects and glassware
80
Q

How to smell chemicals

A

Waft it

81
Q

Define biological materials

A

living or once living materials

82
Q

What is used to heat things with an open flame

A

A bunsen burner

83
Q

Dont eat or ____ in a lab

A

Drink

84
Q

A _____ stand is used in conjunction with a bunsen burner

A

Ring

Everything science (6 decks)

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