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Everything science > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name 5 properties of a living organism

A 
Are structured around the most basic living unit:a cell
Grow, change and develop
Respond to stimuli
Consume energy to live
Reproduce
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2
Q

What are all the categories in the classification hierarchy (what all living things can be sorted by:by broad to specific )

A

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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3
Q

What are the six main kingdoms

A 
Plant
animals
fungi
protists 
archaebacteria 
eubacteria
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4
Q

What characteristics do all living things have

A

Consume energy, are made of cells, grown and change, respond to stimuli, and reproduce

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5
Q

Give an example of binomial nomenclature

A

Genus:defines small groups of species
Species: defines a single species by itself

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6
Q

What three shapes does bacteria usually come in

A

Spherical, rod like, and spiral

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7
Q

Whats the difference between autotroph organism and a heterotroph

A

One feeds itself through photosynthesis, and the other eats other plants or animals to get energy

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8
Q

Describe a virus

A

A virus is a strand of genetic information surrounded by a protein coat

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9
Q

Why might a virus not be considered living

A

It needs a host in order to survive, it cannot supply anything for itself or reproduce

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10
Q

What is immunity

A

The resistance to getting sick, after contracting a virus, your body learns about it and makes more specific cells to prepare for that virus in the future

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11
Q

The parts of cell theory

A

All organisms are made of cells
The cell is the basic building block of life
Every cell comes from another existing cell

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12
Q

What are the parts of a cell (all are called) called

A

Organelles

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13
Q

All cells vary, but what must all cells have?

A

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Nucleus

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14
Q

Define cell membrane

A

Holds the cell together and can let certain things through and keep others out

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15
Q

Define cell wall

A

Most plants and some animals have a tough and rigid outside wall that protects the cell and gives it shape

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16
Q

Define cytoplasm

A

inside the cell membrane It contains everything inside the cell

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17
Q

Define cytoskeleton

A

Made of thin protein fibers and hallow protein tubes, maintains structure and helps things move around in the cell.

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18
Q

Define ribosomes

A

They make protein specific to hereditary material, are found in most structural components, and are part of major reactions in the cell.

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19
Q

Define nucleus

A

The center of the cell, it contains its chromosomes and makes ribosomes

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20
Q

Define mitochondria

A

It releases energy

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21
Q

Define vacuoles

A

Temporary cell storage for food water and waste

22
Q

Define lysosome

A

Breaks down waste and foreign particles, digests old/dead cells, makes new cells (contains chemicals to break down and recycle old cell parts)

23
Q

Define Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Made of folded membranes and process and moves materials (transport facility)

24
Q

Define Golgi bodies

A

They sort protein and other produces from ER and package and distribute them

25
Q

Define chloroplasts

A

Only in plant cells, produces a green pigment and creates sugar

26
Q

Name some differences between animal and plant cells

A

Plants have a cell wall, most animals don’t
Plants produce there own food with chloroplasts
Plants usually have large central vacuole

27
Q

What does the nuclear membrane do

A

Its the protective wall surrounding the nucleus and controls the flow of materials in and out of the nucleus

28
Q

Cellulose, found only in plants(chloroplasts) do?

A

Provide structural support on the cell wall

29
Q

Plant cells have ____ the organelle that contains a green pigment called ____ that produces food from sunlight

A

Chloroplasts, chlorophyll

30
Q

Ribosomes receive directions from hereditary material to make certain ____

A

Proteins

31
Q

A bunch of cells doing a similar job are what?

A

Tissue

32
Q

Define passive transport

A

The movement of things in and out of the cell without using energy

33
Q

What are the three types of passive transportation

A

Diffusion
osmosis
Facilitated diffusion

34
Q

Define active transport

A

Requires energy to move a substance in or out of a cell.

It dies this by having ATO bind with the molecule to move it using energy.

35
Q

What requires active transprot

A

Moving a cell along a concentration gradient. When a molecule moves from an area for low/high concentration of something to a high/low concentration

36
Q

Fermentation and cellular respiration both ____

A

Use sugars to produce energy

37
Q

What is the formula for cellular respiration

A

Glucose+oxygen=carbon dioxide+water+atp(energy)

38
Q

What does an enzyme do

A

It helps chemical reactions by physically bringing molecules together

39
Q

What is cell division

A

replication of a group of cells to continue an organism

40
Q

Whats a cell cycle

A

Mitosis and interphase

41
Q

Define asexual reproduction

A

When one cell duplicates

42
Q

What is mitosis and interphase

A

Mitosis is where a parent cell divides and creates an identical cell.
Interphase is preparation for mitosis where a cell grows and duplicates its chromosomes.

43
Q

Whats binary fusion

A

Most commonly seen with bacteria the cell elongates to split genetic material then pinches down in the middle

44
Q

What is dna made of

A

a two sided string of 4 types of nitrogen bases

45
Q

What are the 4 nitrogen bases?

A

Adenine + Thymine. Cytosine + Guanine

46
Q

Whats a gene

A

A segment of dna relating to one trait

47
Q

Dna actually codes ____

A

Creation of protien, potien builds cells, tissues and is found in the nucleus

48
Q

How does dna move from the molecule to ribosomes

A

RNA

49
Q

What is rna

A

Like half a strand of dna, and threre are three types

50
Q

What the three types of rna

A

mRNA
rRNA
tRNA

Everything science (6 decks)

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