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Everything science > Anatomy and physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy and physiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do the cells on a body form

A

When they work together to they are called tissues, there are many types

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2
Q

Whats fo tissues form when working together

A

An organ

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3
Q

Whats it call when organs work together

A

An organ system

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4
Q

What are the 4 types of tissues

A 
Epithelial tissue (skin)
Connective tissue(fill ins and connect things, like ligaments or cartilage)
Muscular tissue (anything that contracts and expands)
Nervous tissue (tissue that relays messages throughout your body)
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5
Q

What are the three layers of skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Fatty layer

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6
Q

What are the layer of the bone?

A

Periosteum
Compact
Bone marrow
Spongy bone

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7
Q

What are the four types of joints?

A

Pivot joint
Gliding joint
Hinge joint
Ball and socket joint

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8
Q

List some basic functions of skin

A

Physical barrier, regulates body temperature, produces vitamin d, removes body waste, has nerve endings

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9
Q

What minerals make bones hard

A

Calcium and phosphorus

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10
Q

Whats the difference between ligaments and tendons

A

Ligaments connect bones to bones, tendon connect muscle to bones

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11
Q

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system and subdivisions

A

Central and peripheral

Somatic and autonomic

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12
Q

What does the central nervous system do

A

The brain and spinal cord relays messages between brain and body

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13
Q

What are the two types if neurons in the nervous system and what do they do

A

Sensory: Relay sensory and pain. information to the brain
Motor:Relay info from muscle to brain to make muscles move

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14
Q

What are the three main parts of the brain

A

Cerebrum
brain stem
cerebellum

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15
Q

Give a basic description usuing proper vocabulary of how neorons communicate

A

Made of a cell body, axon, and dendrite.
Dendrite transmits the impulse to the cell body, the body the axon takes that signal and releases a neurotransmitter chemical that send it along

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16
Q

Give a basic description usuing proper vocabulary of how eyes work

A

The eyes lens and cornea bend light to the receptors at the back of your eye, they then transmit the information to the optic nerve the carries it to the brain to interpret the information as an image

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17
Q

what does tge brain stem do

A

control involuntary movement

18
Q

Which gland controls the other glands

A

The pituitary gland

19
Q

What is chyme

A

Food combined with digestive juices

20
Q

What does your body burn for energy quickly

A

Carbohydrates

21
Q

Most nutrients are absorbed in the ____ intestine

A

small

22
Q

What connect the kidney and bladder

A

ureter

23
Q

What does our body use to build and re grow cells

A

Protiens

24
Q

what are nephrons

A

Filtration units in your kidneys

25
Q

Give an example to explain the difference between chemical and mechanical digestion

A

Chewing is mechanical, saliva breakd down simple sugars

26
Q

Name the 4 types of blood

A

Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

27
Q

Name the parts of the respiratory tract in order

A

Pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, trachea, alveoli, bronchi, bronchiole

28
Q

Name the 4 heart chambers

A

Right, left atrium, Right left ventricle

29
Q

What kind of has exchange takes place in the lungs

A

Your blood picks up oxygen and expels carbon dioxide

30
Q

Describe the path blood takes round the body

A

Blood leaving your heart travels through arteries to capillaries. Nutrient and gad exchange with surrounding cells takes place in capillaries, blood returns through veins.

31
Q

After blood gets oxygenated in the lungs, what part of the heart does it go to first

A

The left ventricle

32
Q

Define pathogens

A

A virus or bacteria

33
Q

Name tge difference between passive and active immunity

A

Active in s learned antibodies through fighting, and passive ate antibodies your body didn’t work for, they were passed on

34
Q

Why does inflammation occur

A

To draw more blood, and therefore white blood, too a potentially infected area

35
Q

list four pathogens

A

virus, bacteria, protists, and fungi

36
Q

Define allele

A

One form, or variation, of a gene

37
Q

What are tge twi types of Allele

A

Dominant and recessive

38
Q

Whats a phenotype

A

A gene that gets expressed, when there but not expressed its called a genotype

39
Q

What are the main principles of mendelian genetics

A
  1. Each trait is controlled by two genes called alleles
  2. Alles can be: recessive, dominate, recessive
  3. You get one allele frpm each parent
40
Q

Define homozygous

A

An organism having 2 of the same allele, if not then heterozygous

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