Unit 2

Question 1

What does the property of an element depend on?

Answer 1

Atomic number (protons)

Question 2

How is the periodic table arranged?

Answer 2

In atomic numbers

Question 3

How many electrons does each orbital hold?

S P D F

Answer 3

2
6
10
14

Question 4

What does a period tell you?

Answer 4

Energy level. (number of shells)

Question 5

What does group tell you?

Answer 5

Number of valence electrons

Question 6

Trends in atomic radius

Answer 6

↓← Decrease across a period is due to more protons meaning more attraction
Increase down a group is due to shielding

Question 7

What is ionisation energy?

Answer 7

Amount of energy needed to remove an electron from an atom in gas phase

Question 8

Trend in ionisation energy?

Answer 8

↑→ increases across a period as more protons and no increased shielding.
Decreases down a group as shielding increases

Question 9

What is metallic character?

Answer 9

How readily an atom can lose an electron. So highly electronegative elements (eg) fluorine have very little metallic character

Question 10

Trend in metallic character?

Answer 10

↓← (opposite of ionisation) more shielding less attraction to the nucleus

Question 11

Properties of metals?

Answer 11

Good electric and heat conductors.
Malleable 
Solid at room temp
Lose valence shells easily 
Reducing agent

Question 12

Non metal properties

Answer 12

Poor electric and heat conductors 
brittle
many forms at room temp
Gain valence shells 
Oxidizing agent

Question 13

what is a hydride?

Answer 13

Compound formed by hydrogen and another element only

Question 14

What are covalent hydrides?

Answer 14

H+ Non- metal

Question 15

What are ionic hydrides?

Answer 15

H+ metal

Question 16

What are metallic hydrides?

Answer 16

h+ transition metal

Question 17

What is an oxide?

Answer 17

An oxygen and another element only

Question 18

What are acidic oxides?

Answer 18

Oxides of non metals. Also known as acid anhydrides

Question 19

What are basic oxides?

Answer 19

Oxides of group 1 and 2 aka base anhydrides

Question 20

What is an amphoteric solution?

Answer 20

Can act as both an acid or a base

Question 21

What is an amphoteric oxide?

Answer 21

A metallic oxide that shows both acidic and basic properties

Question 22

What is a diagonal relationship?

Answer 22

The fact that metallic character increases down a group and decreases across a period means they cancel out diagonally. Meaning diagonal elements can have similar properties.

Question 23

What element has the highest ionisation energy?

Answer 23

Helium. i.E increases up a group and across a period

Question 24

Is high electronegativity a characteristic of metals or non metals?

Answer 24

Non metals

Question 25

Is oxidising ability a property of metals or non metals

Answer 25

Non metals

Question 26

is being a poor electrical conductor a property of metals or non metals?

Answer 26

Non metals

Question 27

Is being opaque when thin a characteristic of metals or non metals?

Answer 27

Metals

Question 28

Are ionic hydrides soluble?

Answer 28

No

Question 29

What are metallic hydrides also known as?

Answer 29

Interstitial hydrides

Question 30

Explain the trend in boiling points

Answer 30

looking at periods 2 and 3 the boiling point increases until C and si .
This is because they have giant metallic structures. and the nuclear charge is getting bigger so increased attraction meaning harder to separate them.
C and Si are giant covalently bonded so have even higher.
Melting points drop and N and P b/c simple covalent bonds aren’t as strong, so don’t need as much energy. Mr also affects these, heavier means more van der waals