Unit 2

Question 1

What effect might social, economic, and religious conflicts have on a country?

Answer 1

could cause wars, death, discontent, misuse of power

desire for political gain can have lasting effects on region’s people, culture , and way of life.

Question 2

How would the exercise of absolute power affect a country?

Answer 2

depends on the leader - if they are good leader could lead to unity and prosperity. If they are a tyrant could lead to wars, economic problems, unfair government practices.

Question 3

What factors help unify an empire, kingdom, or dynasty?

Answer 3

securing a loyalty, integrating people in your society, wealth, justice/fairness , a unifying force like religion, strong military.

Question 4

How can external forces influence a kingdom or dynasty?

Answer 4

invasion from others, ideas from other countries spreading which bring new ideas.

Question 5

Henry IV of France

Answer 5

First monarch of France from the Bourbon family. This was the king who issued the Edict of Nantes

Question 6

Janissaries

Answer 6

a member of the Turkish infantry forming the Sultan’s guard between the 14th and 19th centuries.

Question 7

Isolationism

Answer 7

A policy of avoiding political or military involvement with other countries

(Think isolate)

Question 8

Absolutism

Answer 8

A political system in which a ruler holds total power

Question 9

Act of Supremacy

Answer 9

Elizabeth passed this act, made her the only supreme governor of the church and the state

makes crown the supreme governor of church & state

Question 10

Mandate of Heaven

Answer 10

the belief that the Chinese king’s right to rule came from the gods

Question 11

Zheng He

Answer 11

Muslim admiral who led seven voyages of exploration during the Ming Dynasty

Question 12

Why was Louis XIV a perfect example of an absolute ruler?

Answer 12

King Louis XIV of France, known as the Sun King, became an absolute monarch in 1661 when he decided to rule France directly, instead of through a prime minister. He was 23 years old at the time and 18 years into his reign, having succeeded to the throne of France at the age of four. Louis XIV believed that his authority came directly from God and that he was God’s representative on earth. As such, he believed himself to be head of the church in France – a belief that led him to revoke the Edict of Nantes, which had granted tolerance for Protestants, in 1685. Louis XIV changed the nature of the French court, curbing the independence of the French nobility and developing a highly centralized form of government that revolved around his person. In the king’s own words, “L’Etat, c’est moi” or “I am the state.”

Question 13

What did the Roundheads want and how did that differ from the Cavaliers?

Answer 13

Cavaliers supported the English King, Charles I. Charles believed in the divine right of kings. Roundheads, on the other hand, gave their support to Parliament as a means of keeping the king under control.

Question 14

Evaluate the effect of European exploration on Asia

Answer 14

The Age of Exploration brought together Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. There were two main types of exchange; Biological and Cultural. In the Biological exchange they traded plants, animals, and diseases. In the Cultural exchange they traded goods, technology, and ideas. The exchanges began to effect every continent. European missionaries introduced China to Christianity. They also introduced disease.

Expansion
Begining in the 1500s European countries began to expand into the rest of the world. Europeans were motivated by trade and potiental wealth that could be gained through trade with Asia including spices and the East. The British secured their trading bases with the permission of Mughal authorities or local rulers.
British traders came to specialize in Indian cotton textiles, and hundreds of villages in the interior of southern India became specialized producers for the British market.European monarchies were stabilized, so the monarchs could focus on expansion. Through these expansions many rich cultures were demolished.

Question 15

Zheng He

Answer 15

Muslim admiral who led 7 voyages of exploration during the Ming Dynasty

Question 16

Oliver Cromwell

Answer 16

• leader of Roundheads
• New Model Army
• was head of common wealth
• became military dictator
• abolished House of Lords

Question 17

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Answer 17

Japanese, Tokugawa Ieyasu, a trusted aide to Hideyoshi, put in place a proper structure for governance.

Question 18

Explain the Tudor/Stuart Line

Answer 18

Tutor dynasty of England ended with the death of Queen Elizabeth. Stuart line began when king of Scotland (Elizabeth’s cousin) ascended to the throne and became James I. He believed in the divine right of kings.

Question 19

How did William and Mary obtain the English throne and why was that important?

Answer 19

In 1689 Parliament voted to offer the throne to William and Mary. This gave power back to Parliament/the people.

Question 20

Who were the Huegenots and what was the Edict of Nantes

Answer 20

French Protestants influenced by John Calvin

Henry IV of France was Huegenot political leader became king of France, converted to Catholicism and issued Edict of Nantes

Edict of Nantes: recognized Catholicism as the official religion of France, but also gave Hugeunots the right to worship as they pleased, ended French wars of religion

Question 21

What changes did Peter the Great bring to Russia?

Answer 21

1. Peter the Great recognized that Russia had fallen behind western Europe. Determined to learn from his rivals, Peter visited Holland and England, where he toured shipyards, examined new military equipment, and observed western customs.
2. Peter returned to Moscow vowing to transform Russia into a great power. He began by expanding Russia’s army and constructing a new navy.
3. Peter did not limit his changes to military organization and technology. He improved Russian agriculture by introducing the potato, strengthened the Russian economy by importing skilled workers, and liberated Russian women by allowing them to appear in public without veils. In a famous and much resented act, Peter forced nobles to shave off their traditional long beards.

Question 22

why was the reign of Sulleyman called the Golden Age

Answer 22

responsible for the height of the Ottoman Empire; reformed taxes, court system, and legal code
A true leader, he personally led his army on numerous military conquests, took a hands on approach to all matters of state, established a new law system, and promoted the development of arts and culture in the Empire. The period of his reign is known as the ‘Golden’ age of the Ottoman Empire and some of the most magnificent Ottoman art dates back to that time.

Question 23

Compare and contrast the Ottoman and Safavid Empires

Answer 23

The Ottoman people became powerful in Asia Minor.

The Safavids rose to power following the collapse of the Turkic Empire and invasion of the Mongols.

Although the Safavids had advanced political and social systems, the Ottoman empire had more efficient political and social methods.
The Ottomans controlled using a strong military, use of weapons, and an extensive bureaucracy. Their empire was known to be geared for warfare. The Ottoman empire had strong governmental power. They ruled in their center of Constantinople, which the Ottomans built defense walls around, aqueducts in, and was where they opened their markets. Absolute power was granted to their Sultans, such as Suleymon the Magnificent.

The social life of the two empires were similar in some ways. The trade of the Safavid was also more advanced. There were roads built and workshops made during the time of the Safavids. The Ottomans had more religious tolerance than the Safavids did. These two societies for women were very similar. In both of these empires many women in the Islamic heartlands struggled against social restrictions in dress and confinement. In both of the empires, the women were politically weak. They had little to no power over the decisions and politics of the empires.

Question 24

How did Babur’s rule of the Mogul Empire differ from Aurangzeb’s?

Answer 24

Bābur considered the founder of the Mughal Empire, He was a Muslim descendent of both Timur and Genghis Khan. Defeated the last Muslim sultan of Dehli. He was personable, a keen observer of life, he was a tolerant ruler and loved by his people. On the other hand, Aurangzeb Mughal emperor in India and great-grandson of Akbar ‘the Great’, under whom the empire reached its greatest extent, only to collapse after his death. He did not tolerate other faiths. Tried to force Hindus to convert to Muslim faith. Hindus rebelled under his leadership. He taxed non-Muslims.

Question 25

What were the differences and similarities between the Ming and the Qing dynasties?

Answer 25

Ming Dynasty:
Ming emperors expanded the Chinese empire to include Korea, Burma, and Vietnam. The Ming constructed the Forbidden City, which became home to all later Chinese emperors. In addition, art and literature flourished in Ming China. Trade prospered. The Ming even sponsored great naval expeditions, such as the voyages of Zheng He to India, Arabia, and Africa in the early 1400s. In the 1500s, the Ming emperors began to isolate China from other countries. They decided to keep foreigners out and the Chinese in. Isolation kept the Chinese from learning.

Qing Dynasty:
Government ordered all males to adopt Manchu dress and hairstyles - men had to shave their foreheads and braid their hair into a pigtail called a queue. Those who refused to accept Manchu culture were deemed rebels and were executed — “Lose your hair or lose your head!”

The Qing rulers limited British access to Chinese trading ports even more severely than before. They felt the British were overstepping their boundaries by demanding access to more cities.China’s isolation from the West and the imperial government’s resistance to change prevented China from keeping pace with Western advances in industry and science. Eventually, the Europeans began to challenge China’s independence. The Manchu dynasty was China’s last dynasty.

Question 26

Isolationism became a common theme in East Asia, why? How were their reasons for being isolationist similar or different?

Answer 26

Following conflict of the 16 century, Korea began a time of self-imposed isolation, a policy of national isolation by abstention from alliances and other international political and economic relations

Question 27

Compare and contrast the reigns of Nobunaga, Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa

Answer 27

All three of them had significant contributions. Japan could not have been unified so quickly if not for these three men.

It was Oda Nobunaga who not only laid the path to a unified Japan, he also fought to bring down much of the resistance that he faced.

Toyomi Hideyoshi finished what his beloved lord could not, officially bringing Japan under one ruler. However, a proper political structure was not in place with the death of his son and brother (this happened before he died), followed by some infighting among top generals after death.

Tokugawa Ieyasu, a trusted aide to Hideyoshi, put in place a proper structure for governance.

Question 28

Why would different nations allow all men to take the civil service exam while others would only allow the upper classes?

Answer 28

Anyone could take the exam, vast majority could not give the time or money to be educated, only men, pass rate 1-2%, based on Confucius classics

Question 29

How does the idea of “absolutism” connect through this unit?

Answer 29

We looked at a variety of different cultures Absolute rule meant that the power of the monarch was, in theory, unlimited. We reviewed how the idea of absolutism influenced many different cultures and in different ways