FINAL EXAM IDS Flashcards
tactic hilter used to conquer much of Europe in the war; “Lighting war”, typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland in 1939 lightening war, resulted in victory overtaking poland but also started WWII
Blitzkrieg
a five-member committee that governed France 1795,replaced the Committee of Public Safety, 1799, when it was overthrown by Napoleon Bonaparte in a Coup , and replaced by the French Consulate.
The Directory
the political philosophy put forth by Robespierre in a speech in February 1794. believed in virtue and a form of terror, prompt and severe justice. It is important because it was achieved through the Reign of Terror.
Republic of Virtue
Colonization; meeting; reps of European nations regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period and coincided with Germany’s sudden emergence as an imperial power. Africa not invited.
Berlin Conference
a payment for war damages made to the victor by the vanquished to cover the costs of war
this was important because Treaty of Versailles said that Germany was responsible for WWI and they had to pay for the damage
Reparations
Stalin’s economic plans, set ambitious goals for production of oil, steel, electricity (5 year span); rebuild Soviet economy after WWI. It is important bc it meant to improve industry but resulted in famine and death
Five Year Plan
The competition between USSR and US for dominance in space flight capability
this was an important part of the cold war and the US got to the moon first.
Space Race
In economics, this is a sustained, long-term downturn in economic activity in one or more economies. It is a more severe economic downturn than a recession, which is a slowdown in economic activity over the course of a normal business cycle.
Germany was in one after WWI bc they could not pay back reparations, which led to the rise of Hitler.
Economic Depression
penalties applied by one or more countries against a targeted governing state. US had these against Japan which made them angry and they retaliated with Pearl Harbor
Economic Sanctions
French middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people;
they rebelled against France and this led to Napolean coming to power
Bourgeoisie
agreements between nations to aid and protect one another. (Triple alliance and Central Powers)
Alliances caused other countries to be pulled into war. After the archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed, several countries got pulled into war due to alliances, which started WWI.
Alliances
One of the most important meetings after WWII. A meeting in 1945 in which Truman Stalin Churchill set up zones of control and told Japan if they did not surrender they would face total destruction; demanded free elections throughout Eastern Europe. Importance: Post WWII, caused tension, and led to the Cold War
Potsdam Conference
Conference held in Munich 1938, during which the leaders of Great Britain, France, and Italy agreed to allow Germany to annex certain areas of Czechoslovakia. Important because it followed idea of “appeasement” but failed.
Munich Conference
a government that aims to control every aspect of life: political, economic, social, intellectual, and cultural lives of its citizens
Stalin used this to have Bolshevik purges and which caused Russia to declare war.
Totalitarianism
6/6/44; When allied troops began the invasion of Europe on the beaches of Normandy, France; began the process of retaking france and a turning point in the war in the directio of the Allied forces
D Day
military alliance made up of 12 countries (non communist) to support each other if they wre attacked (pretty much an alliance against soviets)
NATO/North Atlantic Treaty Organization
A war that involves the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, even those remote from the battlefields.
This is important bc WWI was one and many civilians died.
Total War
secret neutrality pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed in Moscow on 23 August 1939. Important bc then Germany would not have to fight a 2 front war.
Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
the name for the non-physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991
This was important because people were starving and it caused a lot of tension between countries after the war.
Iron Curtain
an ideological principle of Nazism and provided justification for the German territorial expansion into Central and Eastern Europe.
(“living space”) comprises policies and practices of settler colonialism which proliferated in Germany from the 1890s to the 1940s. This was significant because it provided Hitler with a reason for his expansion across Europe.
Lebensraum
flew supplies in to Berlin by American and British airplanes.
supplied food to West Berlin and US & Britain worked together against Soviet Union
Berlin Airlift
expansion of countries into other countries; the process of settling and controlling the indigenous people of an area; this was signifcant because it led to a lot of tensions that resulted in world wars.
Colonization
flew supplies in to Berlin by American and British airplanes. (berlin wall)
supplied food to West Berlin and US & Britain worked together against Soviet Union
Berlin Airlift
Deliberate extermination of a racial or cultural group
important: Hitler used this idea to purge Europe of Jewish people
Genocide
It was the name of Germany’s government between the 2 wars. Importance: responsible for signing peace treaty which included war guilt clause and reparations.
Weimar Republic
the movement toward mass production of machinery making a more industrial economy
it is significant because of it increased the amount of war materials made
Industrialization
units of the Nazi security forces composed of members of the SS that were killing units during the German invasions of Poland (1939) and the Soviet Union (1941). This was important because it was part of Hitler’s Final Solution.
Einsatzgrupper
strong pride in one’s country; identification with one’s own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion of the interests of other nations. Importance: Germans had high nationalism, even when they were being defeated.
Nationalism
a political philosophy led by dictator that glorifies the state above the individual by emphasizing the need for a strong central government
Mussolini used this system and took over Italy
Fascism
